Lucien Bonaparte

Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino (May 21, 1775 - June 29, 1840) was the third surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and his wife Letizia Ramolino.

Revolutionary activities

Born in Ajaccio, Corsica, and educated in mainland France, Lucien returned to Corsica at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio, where he renamed himself "Brutus". An ally of Maximilien Robespierre during the Reign of Terror, he was briefly imprisoned (at Aix-en-Provence) after the coup of 9 Thermidor.

Related Topics:
Ajaccio - Corsica - France - French Revolution - 1789 - Jacobin - Brutus - Maximilien Robespierre - Reign of Terror - Aix-en-Provence - 9 Thermidor

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As president of the Council of Five Hundred — which he removed to the suburban security of Saint-Cloud — Lucien Bonaparte's combination of bravado and disinformation was crucial to the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire, according to the French Revolutionary Calendar, in which General Bonaparte overthrew the government of the Directory to replace it by the Consulate. Lucien mounted a horse and galvanized the grenadiers by pointing a sword at his brother and swearing to run him through if he ever betrayed the principles of "Liberté, égalité, fraternité". The following day Lucien arranged for Napoleon's formal election as First Consul.

Related Topics:
Council of Five Hundred - Saint-Cloud - 18 Brumaire - French Revolutionary Calendar - Directory - Consulate - Grenadier - Liberté, égalité, fraternité - First Consul

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Napoleon made him Minister of the Interior under the Consulate, which enabled Lucien to falsify the results of the plebiscite but which brought him into competition with Joseph Fouché the chief of police, who showed Napoleon a subversive pamphlet that was probably written by Lucien, and effected a breach between the brothers. Lucien was sent as ambassador to the court of Charles IV of Spain, (November, 1800), where his diplomatic talents won over the Bourbon royal family and, perhaps as importantly, the minister Manuel de Godoy.

Related Topics:
Minister of the Interior - Plebiscite - Joseph Fouché - Charles IV of Spain - 1800 - Diplomatic talents - Bourbon - Manuel de Godoy

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Though he was a member of the Tribunat in 1802 and was made a senator of the First French Empire, Lucien came to oppose many of Napoleon's imperial ideas. In 1804, spurning imperial honors, he went into self-imposed exile, living initially in Rome, where Pope Pius VII made him "Prince of Canino."

Related Topics:
Tribunat - 1802 - First French Empire - 1804 - Rome - Pope Pius VII - Canino

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