Lopukhina Conspiracy

Lopukhina Affair was an alleged conspiracy engineered by the diplomacy of Holstein and France at the Russian court and centered on the person of Natalia Lopukhina (1699-1781), a daughter of Matryona Balk and niece of Anna Mons and Willem Mons.

Related Topics:
Holstein - France - Russia - Anna Mons - Willem Mons

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During the reign of Empress Anna (1730-40), Natalia Lopukhina was described as "the brightest flower of St Petersburg court". Her liaisons with some of the most powerful courtiers and her arrogance towards Peter I's neglected daughter Elizaveta Petrovna must have fed the latter's jealousy. Elizaveta's ascension to the throne in 1741 was a huge blow to Lopukhina. It was owing to her friendship with the wife of Mikhail Bestuzhev that she managed to maintain her position at court.

Related Topics:
Empress Anna - Peter I - Elizaveta Petrovna - 1741 - Mikhail Bestuzhev

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In 1742, however, the French diplomacy arranged a complicated intrigue to slander both Lopukhina and Bestuzheva, thereby securing the downfall of the philo-Austrian chancellor Aleksey Bestuzhev. Lopukhina's affection for the exiled Count von Löwenwolde being well-known, her correspondence with this odious courtier was brought to light and presented to the Empress in the most unflattering light. Simultaneously, her son Ivan Lopukhin, being drunk in a pub, was reported to deplore Elizaveta's taste for English beer and mumbled several phrases, which were interpreted as his wish for restoration of Ivan VI. During an inquiry that followed they established that the Lopukhin house used to be frequented by the Austrian agent Marquis Botta d'Adorno, who allegedly promised his support for restoration of Ivan VI on the Russian throne.

Related Topics:
1742 - Aleksey Bestuzhev - Ivan VI

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After a rigid inquisition of twenty-five days, during which every variety of torture was freely employed against the accused, "the terrible plot," says the English Minister, Sir Cyril Wych, "was found to be little more than the ill-considered discourses of a couple of spiteful passionate women." Nevertheless, the two ladies principally concerned had their tongues publicly torn out before being sent to Siberia; and the Russian ambassador at Vienna was instructed to demand Botta's condign punishment. This was done at a special audience; whereupon Empress Maria Theresa declared that she would never admit the validity of extorted evidence, and issued a manifesto to all the Great Powers defending Botta and accusing the Russian court of rank injustice.

Related Topics:
Siberia - Vienna - Empress Maria Theresa - Public domain

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It is generally believed that the savage reprisal was prompted primarily by Elizaveta's personal jealousy of Lopukhina's beauty and by her negative attitude towards the Mons family, who used to block her mother's way to the throne. Lopukhina was allowed to return to the Russian capital only after Elizaveta's death.

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