List of Spanish monarchs

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Kings, Queens of Spain

There are four alternative moments (and three different persons) where the Kingship of Spain is considered to begin:

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• in 1479, when Ferdinand, already King Consort of Castile as husband of Isabel I of Castile, inherits Kingdom of Aragon at his father John II of Aragon's death. However, after this, the kingdoms became separate shortly, as Juana la Loca and Philip of Austria inherited Castile in 1504, but Aragon remained Ferdinand's; he even married again and had he produced a son, that son would have taken precedence in Aragon and kept that country separate in the future.
• in 1516, when the future Emperor Charles V became the King of Aragon (after his grandfather Ferdinand) and guardian as well as co-king of Castile, in conjunction with his mother Juana la Loca who was incapable to rule. However, the old "Hispania" was not yet united, as Portugal remained independent. And in Castile, Charles was not the sole monarch, only in Aragon.
• in 1555 at the death of Juana, when Charles (already the sole King of Aragon) became also sole king of Castile, being elevated to full kingship in Castile after some four decades of "co-kingship". However, the old "Hispania" was not yet united, as Portugal yet was independent.
• in 1580, when at the moment of personal union between Portugal and all other Iberian monarchies, it is said the old Hispania, Spain, became a united realm. Charles's son Philip II of Spain who already was King of Castile and Aragon (directly from his father) also became King of Portugal, and no longer there was any other monarchy in the Iberian Peninsula. Latter, in 1640, Portugal separated from this, but Spain did not at all resign its name which meanwhile had been firmly established.

House of Habsburg / House of Austria

The House of Habsburg (or "of Austria", as it was known in Spain) descended from Charles I of Spain (who was also the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). He left behind a Spanish monarchy that also, for some time, retained control of the Netherlands; however, the title of Holy Roman Emperor did not pass to these Spanish monarchs.

Related Topics:
House of Habsburg - Charles I of Spain - Holy Roman Emperor

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• Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Karl V, Holy Roman Emperor: 23 January 1516–16 January 1556
• Philip II: 16 January 1556–13 September 1598, 1580 Portugal was joined to the union
• Philip III: 13 September 1598–31 March 1621
• Philip IV: 31 March 1621–17 September 1665, in 1640 Portugal became independent once more
• Charles II: 17 September 1665–1 November 1700{{ref|AfterCarlosII}}

House of Bourbon

The Spanish kings of the House of Bourbon were descended from the French royal family.

Related Topics:
House of Bourbon - French

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• Philip V: 16 November 1700–14 January 1724
• Louis I: 14 January–31 August 1724{{ref|AfterLuis}}
• Philip V (restored): 6 September 1724–9 July 1746
• Ferdinand VI: 9 July 1746–10 August 1759
• Charles III: 10 August 1759–14 December 1788
• Charles IV: 14 December 1788–19 March 1808
• Ferdinand VII: 19 March–6 May 1808{{ref|Fernando}}
• Charles IV (restored): 6 May 1808{{ref|AfterCarlosIV}}

House of Bonaparte

See also Bonaparte.

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• Joseph I Napoleon: 6 June 1808–11 December 1813{{ref|Bonaparte}}

House of Bourbon (first restoration)

See also House of Bourbon.

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• Ferdinand VII: 11 December 1813–29 September 1833
• Isabella II: 29 September 1833–30 September 1868{{ref|afterIsabella}}

House of Savoy

See also House of Savoy.

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• Amadeo I: 2 January 1871–11 February 1873

Interregnum: First Republic

• First Spanish Republic: 1873–1874

House of Bourbon (second restoration)

See also House of Bourbon.

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• Alfonso XII: 29 December 1874–25 November 1885{{ref|afterAlfonsoXII}}
• Alfonso XIII: 17 May 1886–14 April 1931

Interregnum: Second Republic and Franco era

• Second Spanish Republic: 1931–1939
• Rule of Francisco Franco: 1939–1975{{ref|Franco}}

House of Bourbon (third restoration)

See also House of Bourbon.

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• Juan Carlos I: 22 November 1975–

Notes

• {{note|AfterCarlosII}} There was a brief interregnum following Carlos II's death, during which the decision of the Duc d'Anjou as to whether he would accept the Spanish throne was awaited.
  
• {{note|AfterLuis}} There was a short interregnum following the death of King Luis before his father resumed the throne.
  
• {{note|Fernando}} Throughout much of Spain, Fernando's abdication was not recognized to be valid, having been given under duress. The Supreme Governing Junta established on 25 September 1808, which was recognized as the legitimate government of Spain by Britain, Portugal, and other governments, continued to recognize Fernando as King.
  
• {{note|AfterCarlosIV}} Following Carlos IV's second abdication, there was a month long interregnum, during which Marshal Joachim Murat ruled Spain as Lieutenant-General and Governor of the Realm.
  
• {{note|Bonaparte}} This was Napoleon's brother Joseph. He was not universally recognized as King, and following the Bourbon restoration, his acts were largely considered to have been invalid.
  
• {{note|afterIsabella}} Following Isabel's abdication, there was a more than two year interregnum, during which time the government sought a new monarch from abroad.
  
• {{note|afterAlfonsoXII}} Following Alfonso XII's death, there was a regency. as the crown was in abeyance awaiting the finalization of who would be the heir, until the birth of his posthumous son Alfonso XIII. Were the child a daughter, the next monarch would have been Alfonso XII's eldest daughter, who at that time was known as Infanta Dona Maria Mercedes, Princess of Asturias. The mother of the children, Maria Cristina, was Regent.
  
• {{note|Franco}} In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the pretender, the Count of Barcelona, to take the throne.