Lionel Murphy

Lionel Keith Murphy (30 August 1922 - 21 October 1986), Australian politician, was Attorney-General in the Government of Gough Whitlam, and a Justice of the High Court of Australia.

Related Topics:
30 August - 1922 - 21 October - 1986 - Australia - Attorney-General - Gough Whitlam - High Court of Australia

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Murphy was the youngest son of William and Lily Murphy, and grew up in Sydney. He was educated at state schools and the University of Sydney, where he graduated in science and law. He was admitted to the bar in 1947, and became a QC in 1960. In July 1954, he married Nina Morrow at St John's church in Darlinghurst. Their daughter, Lorel Katherine, was born in 1955. In 1967, Murphy's marriage to Nina ended in divorce. In 1969, Murphy married Ingrid Gee (Grzonkowski). They had two sons, Cameron Murphy (who, as of 2005, heads the New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties) and Blake.

Related Topics:
Sydney - University of Sydney - 1947 - QC - 1960 - 1954 - Darlinghurst - 1955 - 1967 - 1969 - Cameron Murphy - 2005 - New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

A member of the Australian Labor Party from an early age, he was elected to the Australian Senate in 1961, and in 1967 he was elected Opposition Leader in the Senate. In 1969 Labor Leader Gough Whitlam appointed him Shadow Attorney-General, and when Labor won the 1972 election he became Attorney-General.

Related Topics:
Australian Labor Party - Australian Senate - 1961 - 1967 - 1969 - Gough Whitlam - 1972 - Attorney-General

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

One of Murphy's more dramatic actions as Attorney-General was his unannounced visit to the Melbourne headquarters of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) in March 1973. This came about because ASIO officers were unable to satisfy his requests for information concerning intelligence on Croatian terrorist groups operating in Australia. Murphy's concern about the matter was heightened by the impending visit to Australia of the Yugoslav Prime Minister Dzemal Bijedic. ASIO officers claimed not to be able to locate the file with which to properly brief Murphy.

Related Topics:
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation - 1973 - Dzemal Bijedic

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Murphy's most important legislative acgievement was the Family Law Act, which completely overhauled Australia's law on divorce and other family law matters, establishing the principle of "no fault" divorce in the face of opposition from the Catholic Church and other conservative forces. This act established the Family Court of Australia.

Related Topics:
Divorce - Family law - Catholic Church - Family Court of Australia

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

In 1975 Whitlam appointed Murphy to a vacancy on the High Court of Australia. He was the first serving Labor politician appointed to the Court since Dr H.V. Evatt in 1931 and the appointment was bitterly criticised. The Premier of New South Wales, Tom Lewis, appointed an independent Senator to replace Murphy in the Senate, beginning the chain of events which led to the Australian constitutional crisis of 1975.

Related Topics:
1975 - High Court of Australia - Dr H.V. Evatt - 1931 - Premier of New South Wales - Tom Lewis

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

In July 1985, during the term of the Hawke Labor government, Murphy was convicted on one of two charges of attempting to pervert the course of justice, over allegations made by Clarrie Briese, the Chief Magistrate of New South Wales, that Murphy had attempted to influence a court case against Sydney lawyer, Morgan Ryan, whom Murphy referred to as "my little mate." Murphy subsequently won a retrial and was acquitted in April 1986.

Related Topics:
1985 - Hawke - Clarrie Briese - New South Wales - Morgan Ryan - 1986

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Attorney-General Lionel Bowen, acting on what he said was his belief that the Justices of the High Court were minded to take some independent action to assess Justice Murphy's fitness to return to the Court, introduced legislation for a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry, constituted by three retired judges, to examine "whether any conduct of the Honourable Lionel Keith Murphy has been such as to amount, in its opinion, to proved misbehaviour within the meaning of section 72 of the Constitution." (Section 72 specifies that a High Court judge may only be removed by the Governor-General and both houses of Parliament, "on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.") The terms of this inquiry specifically excluded the issues for which Murphy had already been tried and acquitted.http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/pcoia1986n91986432/s5.html

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The legislation establishing the Commission of Inquiry received assent in May 1986. In July Murphy announced that he was dying of untreatable cancer. The establishing legislation was repealed, and that repeal legislation vested control of the Commission's documents in the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate. Murphy returned to the Court for one week of sittings. He died on 21 October 1986.

Related Topics:
1986 - 21 October

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

In addition to his work as a legislator, Murphy also took a lifelong interest in science. At Sydney University he combined his Bachelor of Laws degree with a Bachelor of Science, and Justice Michael Kirby identified Murphy's later scientific reading as a positive influence on his approach to jurisprudence.http://lionelmurphy.anu.edu.au/lionel_murphy.htm. The Lionel Murphy Foundation funds postgraduate scholarships for students who "intend to pursue a postgraduate degree in science, law or legal studies"http://lionelmurphy.anu.edu.au/postgraduate_scholarships.htm.

Related Topics:
Sydney University - Michael Kirby

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The Lionel Murphy Nebula was named in acknowledgement of Murphy's interest in science, and for a perceived resemblance to his distinctive nose.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~