Lilium

Lilium bulbiferum - Orange lily

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Lilium canadense - Canada lily

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Lilium candidum - Madonna lily

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Lilium humboldtii - Humboldt's lily

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Lilium lancifolium - Tiger lily

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and about 100 more species

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The showy and large flowered plants of the genus Lilium are the true lily plants. They are placed in the lily family, the Liliaceae.

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Lilies are native to the northern temperate regions. Their range in the Old World extends across much of Europe, the north Mediterranean, across most of Asia to Japan, south to the Nilgiri mountains in India, and south to the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States.

Related Topics:
Europe - Mediterranean - Asia - Japan - Nilgiri - India - Philippines - Canada - United States

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The majority of species form naked or tunic-less underground bulbs from which they overwinter. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop stolons.

Related Topics:
Bulb - Rhizome - Stolon

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Lilium bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The nonbitter bulbs of L. lancifolium, L. pumilum, and especially L. brownii are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller.

Related Topics:
Starch - Root vegetable - China - Stir-fried - Soup - Potato

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The large showy flowers are six-petalled, often fragrant, and come in a range of colours ranging through whites, yellows and reds, sometimes with other markings.

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The plants are summer flowering, and they have a winter resting period.

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Most species are deciduous, but Lilium candidum bears a basal rosette of leaves for much of the year. Flowers are formed at the top of a single erect stem, with leaves being borne at intervals up the stem.

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Lilies are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and a single one is known to live as an epiphyte (L. arboricola).

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Numerous cultivated forms are now grown for gardens.

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Liliums are propagated in four ways;

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• by division of the bulbs,
• by growing on bulbils which are adventitious bulbs formed on the stem,
• by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb,
• by seed. Some species exhibit complex dormancy, and leaves may take up to two years to emerge.

Bulbs may be planted in autumn or spring.

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The term "lily" (generally with a modifier, such as "water lily", "daylily", "arum lily" or "blackberry lily") is also applied to a large number of other plants, which may resemble it to a greater or lesser extent. Most of them are quite unrelated to the true lilies.

Related Topics:
Water lily - Daylily - Arum lily - Blackberry lily

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