Lateran treaties

The Lateran Treaties of February 11, 1929 provided for the mutual recognition of the then-Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican City. The treaties were negotiated between Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri on behalf of the Holy See, and Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader, as Prime Minister of Italy. There are three treaties:

Related Topics:
February 11 - 1929 - Kingdom of Italy - Vatican City - Cardinal Secretary of State - Pietro Gasparri - Holy See - Benito Mussolini - Fascist - Prime Minister

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• A treaty recognising the independence and sovereignty of the Holy See and creating the State of the Vatican City. It declared the following to be extra-territorial property of the Holy See (although remaining part of Italian territory): The basilicas and buildings of St. John Lateran , St. Mary Major , St. Paul-outside-the-Walls , and the Holy Apostles , and the churches of Saint Andrea-della-Valle and San Carlo-ai-Catinari with their adjoining buildings, the palace of San Callisto and the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo .
• A concordat defining the civil and religious relations between the government and the church within Italy (summarised in the motto: "free church in free State").
• A financial convention providing the Holy See with compensation for its losses in 1870.

Through the concordat, the Pope agreed to submit candidates for bishop and archbishop to the Italian government, to require bishops to swear allegiance to the Italian state before taking offices, and to forbid the clergy from taking part in politics. Italy agreed to submit its rules on marriage and divorce to make them conformable to the rules of the Roman Catholic Church, and to exempt clergy from military conscription. The treaties granted the Roman Catholic Church the status of the established church in Italy. They also gave the Roman Catholic Church substantial control over the Italian educational system.

Related Topics:
Pope - Bishop - Archbishop - Clergy - Politics - Marriage - Divorce - Roman Catholic Church - Conscription - Established church - Education

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The treaties were revised in 1985, primarily to remove the establishment of the Catholic Church in Italy.

Related Topics:
1985 - Establishment

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Lateran treaties: See also ►