KISS (band)

KISS is an American hard rock/heavy metal band that formed in New York City in 1973. The group has performed and recorded continuously since their formation, although they have gone through multiple lineup changes. The most identifiable non-musical aspects of the group are their use of face paint, elaborate costumes and theatrical, pyrotechnic concert productions.

History

Early years

KISS traces its roots to Wicked Lester, a New York-based rock and roll band led by co-founders Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley. Simmons (born Chaim Witz in Haifa, Israel on August 25, 1949) and Stanley (born Stanley Harvey Eisen in Queens, NY on January 20, 1952) fired the other members of Wicked Lester in 1972, after Epic Records rejected two album submissions from the group.

Related Topics:
Wicked Lester - New York - Gene Simmons - Paul Stanley - Haifa, Israel - August 25 - 1949 - Queens, NY - January 20 - 1952 - 1972 - Epic Records

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In late 1972, Simmons spotted an ad in ?Rolling Stone? placed by Peter Criss, a drummer looking for an ?original group doing soft & hard music.? Criss (born Peter Criscuola on December 20, 1945 in Brooklyn, NY) auditioned for and joined Wicked Lester, now a trio. In January 1973 the group added lead guitarist Paul ?Ace? Frehley (born April 27, 1951 in Bronx, NY). That month, the Wicked Lester name was dropped and the band became KISS. Stanley is credited with coming up with the name, while Frehley designed the now famous KISS logo (with lightning bolt-style S).

Related Topics:
Rolling Stone - Peter Criss - December 20 - 1945 - Brooklyn, NY - January - 1973 - Paul ?Ace? Frehley - April 27 - 1951 - Bronx, NY

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The first ever KISS performance was on January 30, 1973, for an audience of three at the Popcorn Club (renamed Coventry shortly afterwards) in Queens. In June of that year, the band recorded a five-song demo tape with producer Eddie Kramer, which eventually wound up in the hands of former teen pop singer and Buddha Records executive Neil Bogart.

Related Topics:
January 30 - 1973 - June - Eddie Kramer - Neil Bogart

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After a handful of showcase concerts in the summer of 1973, former TV director Bill Aucoin offered to become the band?s manager. With the help of their new manager, Bill Aucoin, KISS became the first act signed to Bogart's new label, Emerald City Records (which was quickly renamed to Casablanca Records). The band entered Bell Sound Studios in New York City on October 10, 1973 to begin recording their first album. On December 31 the band had their official industry premier at the Academy of Music in New York City. It is at this concert that Simmons, performing his new firebreathing stunt for the first time, sets his hair on fire for the first time.

Related Topics:
Casablanca Records - October 10 - December 31

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KISS' first national tour started on February 5, 1974 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, at the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium. The band?s self-titled debut album, KISS, was released on February 18. The cover showed the group full face makeup, mimicking the cover of the Beatles' With the Beatles album. Topping the charts at #87, the album was a modest success and featured a group of songs that would become staples of the band?s live act for years to come - "Strutter," "Deuce," "Cold Gin," and "Black Diamond."

Related Topics:
February 5 - 1974 - Edmonton, Alberta - Canada - KISS - February 18 - Beatles - With the Beatles

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Casablanca and KISS promoted the album heavily throughout the spring and summer of 1974. On February 19, the band performed "Nothin' to Lose," "Firehouse" and "Black Diamond" for what would become their first national television appearance, on ABC's Dick Clark's In Concert (aired March 29). On April 29, the band performed "Firehouse" on The Mike Douglas Show, a broadcast which also included Gene Simmons' first televised interview.

Related Topics:
Spring - Summer - February 19 - ABC - March 29 - April 29 - The Mike Douglas Show

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The band flew to Los Angeles in August to begin recording their second album, Hotter Than Hell, which was released in on October 22, 1974. The only single, "Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll," failed to chart and the album stalled at #100.

Related Topics:
Los Angeles - August - Hotter Than Hell - October 22

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Success

In 1975, having achieved recognition, but no big hit single, Casablanca Records head Neil Bogart stepped in to produce their next album, trading in the raw sound of KISS and Hotter Than Hell for a cleaner, produced sound with Dressed To Kill, released in March 1975. The album included two important songs in the group's career; "C'Mon And Love Me," their first big radio hit, and "Rock And Roll All Nite," which would become known as the "rock and roll national anthem."

Related Topics:
1975 - Casablanca Records - Neil Bogart - Dressed To Kill - Rock And Roll All Nite

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While Dressed To Kill sold better than the previous two KISS studio releases, it was still the live performance fans craved most. Word was spreading about KISS' incredible shows, which set new standards for the live concert experience. KISS delivered more than just the music: there were eye-popping pyrotechnics, including Peter Criss's levitating drum riser, Ace Frehley's smoking (literally!) Les Paul, Paul Stanley's nightly destruction of his guitar, and of course, Gene Simmons' legendary fire-breathing and blood-spitting. How does one capture such an event on vinyl? The answer was delivered in September 1975, when KISS released Alive!, largely recorded in Detroit's Cobo Arena, among other locations. The album would go on to achieve Quadruple Platinum status, and spawned KISS's first top 40 single, the live version of "Rock And Roll All Nite".

Related Topics:
Dressed To Kill - Alive! - Cobo Arena - Rock And Roll All Nite

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Following this success, KISS partnered with producer Bob Ezrin to embark on a musical tour de force the likes of which the band had never seen before. The result was Destroyer (released March 1976), KISS' most commercially successful studio album, which included the hits "Beth", "Detroit Rock City," "God of Thunder" and "Shout It Out Loud." The cover, painted by renowned artist Ken Kelly (who also commissioned the Love Gun album artwork), has also been used on countless T-shirts, posters and other paraphenelia. Many of the songs from Destroyer remain KISS concert staples to this day. Ezrin would work with Kiss again, with the results being very mixed, as history would dictate.

Related Topics:
Bob Ezrin - Destroyer - 1976 - Beth - Ken Kelly - Love Gun

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In October 1976, KISS made a historic television appearance, lip-synching "Detroit Rock City," "Beth" and "King of the Night Time World" on The Paul Lynde Halloween Special. For many young music listeners, this was their first exposure to the sonic and visual assault of KISS. In order to capture the essence of the band's look and performance level, the show was co-produced by KISS manager Bill Aucoin. In addition to the three aforementioned performances, KISS was also the subject of a comedic "interview" conducted by Paul Lynde himself.

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A 1977 Gallup poll named KISS the most popular band in America. In Japan, KISS broke attendance records previously held by The Beatles. KISS hysteria was in full effect. The group had two comic books released by Marvel, pinball machines, Mego dolls, "KISS Your Face Makeup" kits, Halloween masks, board games, and many other pieces of memorabilia. The group was never seen in public without wearing their makeup and their popularity was growing by leaps and bounds; the membership of the KISS Army, the band's fan club, was now in the six figures. Two more studio albums continued to fuel the KISS fire (November 1976's Rock and Roll Over and June 1977's smash hit Love Gun) before KISS released the sequel to Alive! in November 1977, titled Alive II. The first of many KISS greatest hits compilations, titled Double Platinum, was issued in April 1978.

Related Topics:
The Beatles - Rock and Roll Over - Love Gun - Alive II - Double Platinum

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Going solo

Even such enormous popularity had its limits, and the band reached them in September 1978, when all four members released solo albums on the same day. Although all four records showcased the band members' very different musical influences (ranging from Criss' cover of Bobby Lewis' hit "Tossin and Turnin" to Simmons' eerily deadpan remake of "When You Wish Upon a Star" from the Walt Disney 1940 cartoon "Pinocchio"), Frehley's album was the most successful, spawning the only radio hit found on any of the records, Russ Ballard's composition "New York Groove", becoming a top 20 radio chart hit. Stanley's was said to be the most "Kiss-like" among the releases, and received more favorable reviews for that reason. Despite all of these albums making it into the Top 50 of the Billboard Album Chart, the massive preorder for these albums was soon followed by a just as enormous attempt to sell them back to the record company, followed by the subsequent discounting of these albums once sales had (very quickly) peaked. Kiss solo albums were the first Kiss albums to be seen in the "bargain bins" of many record stores of the time, and it was to be the first visible sign of a chink in the almost impenetrable Kiss armor of public popularity, a hole that would soon grow by virtue of their impending business decisions. For example, one month later, an NBC-TV movie produced by Hanna-Barbera hit the airwaves, titled KISS Meets the Phantom of the Park. The film was proposed to the band as a cross between A Hard Day's Night and Star Wars, though the final results fell far short of these expectations. Reviews were dreadful, even though the movie was one of the highest-rated TV movies of the year, and saw theatrical release outside the U.S. in 1979, under the title Attack of the Phantoms. Later interviews with bandmembers would have them talk about their movie making experience with a mix of humorous embarassment and regret as to the finished product, which was reportedly filmed completely out of proper frame by the cinematographer, resulting in much of what was supposed to be on screen missing from the final product.

Related Topics:
Bobby Lewis - Walt Disney - Pinocchio - New York Groove - Hanna-Barbera - KISS Meets the Phantom of the Park - A Hard Day's Night - Star Wars

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The first KISS album in two years, Dynasty, released in May 1979, continued their streak of platinum albums. The album contained what would become the biggest single in the history of the band, the worldwide smash "I Was Made For Lovin' You." The song, which combined elements of the KISS sound with disco, was a top ten hit throughout the world (although stateside, it only managed number 11) and stands as the most covered KISS song ever. This album, as well as the follow-up Unmasked, were recorded using ghost drummer Anton Fig at the request of producer Vini Poncia, who felt Criss's drumming skills were not up to par with what he wanted. The tour for "Dynasty" in 1979 saw once sold-out arenas being replaced with half to three-fourths filled venues, and even a two night homecoming in July, 1979 at New York's Madison Square Garden did not see the usual full houses, leaving the New York Daily News to wonder aloud if this was to be "The Last Monster Mash." Although audiences were for the most part enthusiastic as ever, reviews of these shows were mixed, with visible tensions within the band taking their toll on the quality of the music. However, it was hardly noticed by Kiss's new fan base, very much younger than previous audiences had been, with many pre-adolescent children in Kiss makeup with their mothers and fathers (sometimes wearing the makeup themselves!) in tow at most concerts. Kiss did little to dissuade this new fan base, donning colorful costumes that reupped their comic-book image for these younger fans. But the problems and disagreements within the band persisted and worsened.

Related Topics:
I Was Made For Lovin' You - Unmasked - Madison Square Garden - New York Daily News

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Drummer Peter Criss, not happy with the change in the group's fan base as well as wrestling with his own feelings about the band's current direction, left the band shortly after the May 1980 release of Unmasked. Despite a slick, contemporary pop sound, Unmasked had the dubious distinction of being the first KISS album since Dressed to Kill to fail to go platinum. The tour to support Unmasked never reached the United States (save for a one-off show at New York's now defunct Palladium Theatre to showcase their new drummer, the dynamic Eric Carr). KISS's 1980 tour of Australia was one of the biggest in the band's history, as they played to sold-out crowds and enjoyed enormous popularity amongst the fans there. This renewed international popularity should have been followed up by a heavy and straight-forward rock and roll album. With Bob Ezrin (of "Destroyer" fame) in line to produce the next album, Kiss was poised to renew its place as the premier rock and roll band in the world. The band approached Ezrin with a slew of new and exciting material. As the story goes, however, Ezrin rejected and shelved it all, and would soon convince the band to change directions, change their look, and ultimately, change their future line-up.

Related Topics:
Unmasked - Dressed to Kill - Eric Carr - Bob Ezrin

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This direction change that stunned audiences was the release of the symphonic concept album, November 1981's Music From "The Elder", their first album recorded with Carr. It failed to go gold, and couldn't climb past number 75 on the charts.

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Reaction to The Elder was harsh. With Ezrin's influence, much of the album contained horns and strings, and was based on a fictional film that never saw the light of day. Although the band was nowhere to be seen on the album's cover or gatefold art, in promotional appearances for the album they sported new and strange haircuts and costumes that seemed to mock the very style of theatrics that they had themselves invented. The issue was not with the quality of the album, but for a band like KISS, who was known for its pounding rhythms, sex-based lyrics, and blood-laden stage show, such a radical departure alienated their loyal fan base. For Ace Frehley, who had balked at the creation of this album from the start, but was overruled two votes to one (Carr did not get a vote not being an original member...) this signaled the beginning of the end of his stint as the lead guitarist. He did not actively participate in the album's creation, choosing to "mail in" his only writing contribution, the song "Dark Light." KISS never performed any of the music from this album in their subsequent concerts (until the 1996 "Unplugged" reunion), and the only live performances were to be seen on ABC-TV's short lived skit comedy show "Fridays." Following its failure, the band was committed to go back in the studio and make the heaviest album of their career.

Related Topics:
The Elder - Fridays

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After recording only four songs, plans for the new album were scrapped. The four leftover songs were combined with classic KISS material from the 1970s for the June 1982 release KISS Killers, a complilation album released outside the United States. (The signature lightning bolt "S" designs were changed to standard "S" for this release to alleviate the criticism from Germany and its neighbors that the original "S" design bore too close a resemblance to the "S" worn by the infamous "SS" officers of the Nazi regime. This was the first and last time that the cover art was altered this way, although Kiss had altered its onstage logo lights for some time in deference to this controversy.)

Related Topics:
KISS Killers - Nazi

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Kiss soon made major changes to its business dealings, severing ties with their manager of nine years, Bill Aucoin, and cutting back on their unwieldy organizational tree. By this time, however, Ace Frehley had already decided to leave the band, but Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley remained loyal to their lead guitarist by including him in the original cover art of their next album, although Frehley did not play a note on it. This album was October 1982's superior Creatures of the Night, the hardest album the band had released up to that point. Guitarists that had been called in to replace Frehley included Steve Farris, Bob Kulick (brother of soon-to-be permanent member Bruce Kulick) and Vincent Cusano, who would soon be known as Vinnie Vincent. Featuring tracks (believe it or not) co-written by Canadian singer/songwriter Bryan Adams and his writing partner Jim Vallance, Creatures of the Night fared better than Music From the Elder, yet it couldn't make it past number 45 on the charts. Unfortunately, the day after shooting the video for the song "I Love It Loud," Ace Frehley officially left the band and was replaced permanently by Vinnie Vincent in 1982 in time for the "10th Anniversary" tour. Vincent's hurriedly developed identity was that of an Egyptian ankh, although he would not need this persona for very long as it would turn out. While this tour didn't fare as well as others did in the United States, the band did go on to play for the largest crowds of their career, up to 137,000 fans in Brazil in June 1983. This series of shows would be the last KISS would perform in makeup until June 28, 1996.

Related Topics:
Creatures of the Night - Bruce Kulick - Bryan Adams - Music From the Elder - Vinnie Vincent - Ankh - 1996

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Unmasking

Sensing it was time for a change, KISS shocked the music world by appearing without their makeup live on MTV. The publicity worked, as the September 1983 album Lick It Up became their first Gold record in four years. However, Vinnie Vincent was fired after Lick It Up and was replaced by Mark St. John. Animalize, released in September 1984, was just as successful, and the group had clearly recaptured their niche. "Heaven's on Fire" and "Thrills in the Night" became huge MTV hits, and the band continued to be a solid concert draw. St. John, however, was soon taken ill with Reiter's syndrome and left the band shortly into the 1984 Animalize tour. Bruce Kulick became KISS' new lead guitarist, and would remain with the group for the next 12 years.

Related Topics:
1983 - Lick It Up - Mark St. John - Animalize - 1984 - Reiter's syndrome - Bruce Kulick

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For the rest of the 1980s, KISS turned out a series of best-selling albums (September 1985's Asylum, September 1987's Crazy Nights, the November 1988 compilation Smashes, Thrashes & Hits, and the critically acclaimed November 1989 release Hot in the Shade), culminating in the early 1990 hit ballad "Forever," co-written by Michael Bolton, which was their biggest single since "I Was Made For Lovin' You."

Related Topics:
Asylum - Crazy Nights - Hot in the Shade - Michael Bolton

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However, during this makeup-free era, KISS found themselves struggling against the new guard of rock bands that sprouted up during the 1980s. Mötley Crüe, Guns N' Roses, Bon Jovi, among others, outperformed KISS in terms of album and concert sales. For instance, Bon Jovi's 1986 Slippery When Wet and Guns N' Roses' 1987 Appetite For Destruction, have long since attained album sales over 10 million. KISS released Crazy Nights in 1987, attaining a comparatively modest one-times Platinum ranking. They remained a headlining act, but not often with the notoriety and success of the previously mentioned bands.

Related Topics:
Mötley Crüe - Guns N' Roses - Bon Jovi - Slippery When Wet - Appetite For Destruction - Crazy Nights

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KISS was scheduled to record a new album with their old producer, Bob Ezrin, in 1990 when Eric Carr became severely ill with cancer. The drummer passed away on November 24, 1991 at the age of 41. Devastated, KISS continued and replaced him with drummer Eric Singer and recorded the highly praised Revenge (May 1992), their first album since 1989, and ironically, the first KISS studio album produced by Bob Ezrin since he had overseen and influenced the ill-fated "Elder" effort in 1981. The album, considered by many fans as one of the best latter-day KISS albums, was a Top Ten hit and went gold. KISS "tuned up" for a major tour with many small club dates throughout the United States, where they supported "Revenge" and were able to be seen in intimate settings for the first time since their inception. KISS followed "Revenge" with the release of Alive III, in May 1993. This was KISS's first live release since 1977's Alive II. In June 1994, the band issued KISS My Ass, a compilation album featuring popular artists of the era putting their own spin on KISS classics. The result was an eclectic mix of sounds, ranging from Lenny Kravitz putting a funky stamp on "Deuce" (with Stevie Wonder on harmonica), a ska version of "Detroit Rock City" by the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, and Die Ärzte performing "Unholy" in German language. (The latter track is not available on US copies of "Kiss My Ass.")

Related Topics:
Eric Singer - Revenge - Alive III - Alive II - Lenny Kravitz - Stevie Wonder - Mighty Mighty Bosstones - Die Ärzte

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In 1995, the band embarked on a unique and well-received "Worldwide KISS Convention Tour." The conventions were all-day events, featuring displays of vintage KISS stage outfits, instruments, and memorabilia, performances by KISS cover bands, and of course featured dealers selling KISS merchandise from every stage of the band's career up to that time. Of most interest to attendees, KISS themselves appeared live and in person, conducting question and answer sessions, autograph signings, and a two-hour unplugged set comprised mostly of spontaneous fan requests. On the first U.S. date, June 17, 1995, former drummer Peter Criss appeared onstage with KISS, to sing lead on "Hard Luck Woman" and backup on "Nothin' to Lose."

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On August 9, 1995, KISS joined the long line of musicians to perform on MTV Unplugged. Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons contacted former members Peter Criss and Ace Frehley and invited them to participate in the event. Both Peter and Ace joined KISS onstage for several songs at the end of the set. In the weeks following the Unplugged concert, the band returned to the studio for the first time in three years to record Carnival of Souls. The album was completed, but its release was delayed for two years.

Related Topics:
MTV Unplugged - Carnival of Souls

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Fan reaction to Criss and Frehley at the Unplugged show was so positive that, in 1996, the original lineup of KISS -- featuring Simmons, Stanley, Frehley, and Criss -- reunited to perform the "KISS Alive/Worldwide" tour, complete with their notorious makeup and special effects. This would be the first tour featuring all four original KISS members since 1979.

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Reunion

The buzz surrounding the reunion of all four original band members started in typical grandiose KISS fashion. On February 28, 1996, the late Tupac Shakur introduced the original KISS - clad in full makeup and stage outfits - to a rousing ovation at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards. Two months later on April 16, the band held a press conference aboard the USS Intrepid in New York, where they announced their plans for world domination. The conference, emceed by Conan O'Brien, was simulcast to 58 countries. On June 28, the "KISS Alive/Worldwide" tour kicked off at Tiger Stadium in Detroit, in front of a sold-out crowd of 39,867 fans. Shows were selling out in minutes, and like the days of yore, KISS hysteria was everywhere. The tour stretched to nearly every corner of the globe over a one-year period, and stands today as one of the top-grossing tours of all time.

Related Topics:
Tupac Shakur - Grammy Awards - USS Intrepid - Conan O'Brien - Tiger Stadium

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In September 1998 the reunited group issued Psycho Circus, the first album with the original lineup since 1980's Unmasked. The ensuing tour in support of Psycho Circus was a success, and the Psycho Circus album debuted in the top three of the Billboard Album chart. The album's title track nabbed a Grammy nomination. The tour itself was historic for being the first to ever incorporate 3-D visuals into a stage show. August 13, 1999 saw the nationwide premiere of a KISS-themed motion picture titled Detroit Rock City. The movie was set in 1978, focusing on four teenagers (featuring Edward Furlong) willing to do anything to score tickets for a sold-out KISS show in Detroit. The film's premiere was preceded two days earlier by KISS receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The quartet announced in the spring of 2000 that they would be launching a U.S. Farewell tour in the summer, which became one of the year's top concert draws.

Related Topics:
1998 - Psycho Circus - Unmasked - 3-D - 1999 - Motion picture - Detroit Rock City - Edward Furlong - Hollywood Walk of Fame

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But on the eve of a Japanese and Australian tour in early 2001, Peter Criss suddenly left the band once again, supposedly discontent with his salary. Taking his place was previous KISS drummer Eric Singer, who in a controversial move among longtime fans, donned Criss' cat-man makeup (since Simmons and Stanley own both Frehley and Criss' makeup designs, there was no threat of a lawsuit) as the farewell tour continued. With the band scheduled to call it a day supposedly by late 2001, a mammoth career-encompassing Box Set was set for later in the year, while the summer saw perhaps the most over-the-top piece of KISS merchandise yet -- the "KISS Kasket."

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The group was relatively quiet through the rest of the year, but 2002 started with a bang as Gene Simmons turned in an entertaining and controversial interview on NPR where he criticized the organization and berated host Terry Gross with sexual comments and condescending answers 1. He was promoting his autobiography at the time, which also caused dissent in the KISS camp because of the inflammatory remarks made towards Ace Frehley. Frehley was quite angry at the situation, leading to his no-showing of an American Bandstand anniversary show.

Related Topics:
2002 - NPR - Terry Gross

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New era

With KISS's Farewell Tour never reaching an official conclusion, the group launched a co-headlining tour with Aerosmith in 2003. The tour was a financial success (earning more than US$60 million in 2003). Peter Criss had rejoined the band earlier in the year, but Ace Frehley refused to continue playing with KISS. He was replaced by former Black N Blue guitarist Tommy Thayer, who assumed the Space Ace persona. Shortly after the arrival of Thayer, the band recorded Alive IV with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra while in Australia. Simmons and Stanley, reportedly unimpressed with Criss's drumming, did not renew his contract when it expired in March 2004. He was replaced by Singer.

Related Topics:
Aerosmith - 2003 - Black N Blue - Tommy Thayer - Alive IV - Melbourne Symphony Orchestra

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KISS toured with Poison in 2004 in what was billed as the "Rock the Nation 2004 World Tour." The tour ended in August with a show in Mexico City. In June 2004, Gene Simmons released Asshole, his first solo album since 1978. He can also be seen currently in the VH1 reality series "Gene Simmons Rock School" where Simmons plays a real life Jack Black from the School of Rock movie, taking British private middle school children and creating a rock band in the shape of his own image. Paul Stanley has been involved in the theatre in Toronto, Canada, where he has played the role of the Phantom in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical "Phantom of the Opera" back in 1999, and is currently expected to release a solo album and embark on a supporting tour.

Related Topics:
Poison - 2004 - Mexico City - Andrew Lloyd Webber - Phantom of the Opera

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The legacy of Kiss can be said to be endurance in the face of adversity, tragedy, and changes in musical tastes. Although the long-standing feuds between the Stanley and Simmons camp and the Criss and Frehley camp have frustrated and tested long time fans, you can be sure that KISS, in some form or another, is on their way to a musical venue near you in the near future.

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Current members

• Paul Stanley - vocals, guitar (1973 - present)
• Gene Simmons - bass, vocals (1973 - present)
• Eric Singer - drums (1991 - 1995, 2001, 2004 - Present)
• Tommy Thayer - guitar (2004 - present)

Original members

• Paul Stanley - guitar, vocals (1973 - present)
• Gene Simmons - bass, vocals (1973 - present)
• Peter Criss - drums, vocals (1973 - 1980, 1996 - 2001, 2003)
• Ace Frehley - guitar, vocals (1973 - 1982, 1996 - 2001)

Other members

• Eric Carr - drums (1980 - 1991)
• Bruce Kulick - guitar (1984 - 1996)
• Mark St. John - guitar (1984)
• Vinnie Vincent - guitar (1982 - 1984)

Band members