Kangxi Emperor

The Kangxi Emperor (born Xuanye (??) May 4, 1654 – December 20, 1722) was the third Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over all of China, from 1661 to 1722. He is known as one of the greatest Chinese emperors in history. His reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning Emperor of China in history.

Family

• Father: Shunzhi Emperor of China (3rd son)
• Mother: concubine from the Tunggiya clan (1640-1663). Her family was of Jurchen origin but lived among Chinese for generations. It had Chinese family name Tong (佟) but switched to the Manchu clan name Tunggiya. She was made Empress Dowager Cihe (慈和皇太后) in 1661 when Kangxi became emperor. She is known posthumously as Empress Xiaokang Zhang (Chinese: 孝康章皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu).
• Consorts:
• Empress Xiao Cheng (d. 1674) from the Heseri clan - married in 1665
• Empress Xiao Zhao (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Genggiyen Gosin Hūwanghu)
• Empress Xiao Yi (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Fujurangga Gosin Hūwanghu)
• Empress Xiao Gong (Chinese: 孝恭皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Gungnecuke Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Uya clan
• Children:
• 36 sons. 20 reached adulthood, including:
• Yinzhi (??), 1st son. Son of Hui Fei
• Yinreng (1674-1725), 2nd son. Initially Heir Apparent and later degraded. Only surviving son of Empress Xiao Cheng
• Yinzhi ((??), 3rd son
• Yinzhen, later Yongzheng Emperor (1678-1735), 4th son. Son of Empress Xiao Gong
• Yinsi, the Prince Lian (1681-?), 8th son. Son of concubine Liang Fei of the Wei family
• Yinxiang, the Prince Yi (1686-1730), 13th surviving son. Son of concubine Min-Fei of the Janggiya clan
• Yinti, the Prince Xun (1688-1767), 14th son. Son of Empress Xiao Gong
• 20 daughters (8 survived)