Kaluga

: For the fish named Kaluga see Kaluga (fish).

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Kaluga (??????? in Russian) is a city in central Russia on the Oka River 188 km southwest of Moscow, administrative center of Kaluga Oblast. Geographical coordinates: {{coor dm|54|32|N|37|17|E|}} Population: 335,100 (2002 All-Russia Population Census).

Related Topics:
Russian - Russia - Oka River - Km - Moscow - Kaluga Oblast

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Kaluga is connected to Moscow by a railway line and the ancient roadway (E-105 International highway) which is known as the Kaluzhskaya doroga (Kaluga road). This road was the favoured escape route from the Moscow trap for Napoleon in the fall of 1812. But General Kutuzov repelled Napoleon's advances in this direction and forced the retreating French army onto the old Smolensk road, previously devastated by the French during their invasion of Russia.

Related Topics:
Kaluga road - Napoleon - 1812 - Kutuzov - French - Smolensk road

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Kaluga is known for its most famous resident, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a rocket science pioneer who worked here as a school teacher. There is a Tsiolkovskiy Museum in Kaluga dedicated to his theoretical achievements and their practical implementations for modern space research.

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