John Randolph of Roanoke

John Randolph (June 2, 1773 - May 24, 1833) was a Representative and a Senator from Virginia, USA. He was born in Cawsons, Virginia, and was known as John Randolph of Roanoke to distinguish him from relatives. (The name Roanoke refers to Roanoke Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia.) The son of John Randolph and Frances Bland, he was also a descendant of William Randolph and also Pocohantas.

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A peculiar illness as a young man left Randolph beardless and high-voiced.

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He studied under private tutors, at private schools, the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), and Columbia College, New York City. He studied law in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but never practiced. He engaged in several duels. Randolph was elected to the Sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1799 to March 3, 1813). He was chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in the Seventh through the Ninth Congresses.

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He was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in January 1804 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against John Pickering, judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire, and in December of the same year against Samuel Chase, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Randolph was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1812 to the Thirteenth Congress.

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He was elected to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817). He was not a candidate for reelection in 1816 to the Fifteenth Congress. He was elected to the Sixteenth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1819, until his resignation, effective December 26, 1825. Randolph was appointed to the United States SenateDecember 8, 1825, to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1821, caused by the resignation of James Barbour and served from December 26, 1825, to March 3, 1827. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Senate in 1827. Randolph was elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1829), and was not a candidate for reelection to the Twenty-first Congress. He served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means in the Twentieth Congress.

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He was a member of the Virginia constitutional convention at Richmond in 1829. He was appointed United States Minister to Russia by President Andrew Jackson and served from May to September, 1830, when he resigned. Elected to the Twenty-third Congress, he served from March 4, 1833, until his death in Philadelphia on May 24, 1833. He is buried at "Hollywood" in Richmond, Virginia.

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A modern conservative political group, the John Randolph Club, is named for Randolph.

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