Jelly Roll Morton

Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton (October 20, 1890 - July 10, 1941) was a virtuoso pianist, a bandleader, and a composer who some call the first true composer of Jazz music.

Morton's life

Ferdinand Joseph Lamothe was born into a Creole community in the Faubourg Marigny neighborhood of downtown New Orleans, Louisiana. He took the name "Morton" by Anglicizing the name of his step-father, Mouton.

Related Topics:
Creole - Faubourg Marigny - New Orleans, Louisiana

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He was (along with Tony Jackson) one of the best regarded pianists in the Storyville District early in the 20th century. Among other occupations, he was also at one time a pimp.

Related Topics:
Tony Jackson - Storyville - 20th century - Pimp

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After leaving New Orleans, Morton traveled widely in North America, spending several years in California before moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1923, where he released the first of his commercial recordings, both as a piano soloist and with various jazz bands.

Related Topics:
California - Chicago, Illinois - 1923

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In 1926 Morton succeeded in getting a contract to make recordings for the USA's largest and most prestigious company, Victor. This gave him a chance to bring a well rehearsed band to play his arrangements in Victor's Chicago recording studios. These recordings by Jelly Roll Morton & His Red Hot Peppers are regarded as classics of 1920s jazz. The Red Hot Peppers featured such other New Orleans jazz luminaries as Kid Ory, Omer Simeon, Barney Bigard, Johnny Dodds, and Baby Dodds.

Related Topics:
1926 - Victor - Kid Ory - Omer Simeon - Barney Bigard - Johnny Dodds - Baby Dodds

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Jelly Roll Morton & His Red Hot Peppers were one of the first acts booked on tours by MCA.

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Morton moved to New York City in 1928, where he continued to record for Victor. His piano solos and trio recordings are well regarded, but his band recordings suffer in comparison with the Chicago sides where Morton could draw on many great New Orleans musicians for sidemen. In New York, Morton had trouble finding musicians who wanted to play his style of jazz.

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With the Great Depression and the near collapse of the phonograph record industry, Morton's recording contract was not renewed by Victor for 1931. Morton continued playing less prosperously in New York, briefly had a radio show in 1934, then was reduced to touring in the band of a traveling burlesque act. He wound up in Washington D.C., where folklorist Alan Lomax first heard Morton playing solo piano in a dive in an African American neighborhood. (Morton was also the master of ceremonies, manager, and bartender of the place he played.)

Related Topics:
Great Depression - 1934 - Washington D.C. - Alan Lomax - African American

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The Library of Congress Interviews

In May, 1938, Alan Lomax began recording interviews with Morton for the Library of Congress. The sessions, originally intended as a short interview with musical examples for use by music researchers in the Library of Congress, soon expanded to record more than eight hours of Morton talking and playing piano, in addition to longer interviews which Lomax took notes on but did not record. Despite the low fidelity of these non-commercial recordings, their musical and historical importance attracted jazz fans, and portions have repeatedly been issued commercially. These interviews helped assure Morton's place in jazz history.

Related Topics:
1938 - Library of Congress

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Lomax was very interested in Morton's Storyville days and some of the off-color songs played in Storyville. Morton was reluctant to recount and record these, but eventually obliged Lomax. Morton's "Jelly Roll" nickname is a sexual reference and many of his lyrics from his Storyville days were vulgar. Some of the Library of Congress recordings were unreleased until near the end of the 20th century due to their nature.

Related Topics:
Jelly Roll - Nickname

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Morton was aware that having been born in 1890, he was slightly too young to make a good case for himself as the actual inventor of jazz, and so presented himself as five years older. Research has shown that Morton placed the dates of some early incidents of his life (and probably the dates when he first composed his early tunes) a few years too early, and his statement that Buddy Bolden played ragtime but not jazz is contradicted by other New Orleans contemporaries. Most of the rest of Morton's reminiscences, however, have proved to be reliable.

Related Topics:
1890 - Buddy Bolden - Ragtime

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