James Madison

James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was the fourth (1809–1817) President of the United States. He was co-author, with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, of the Federalist Papers, and is traditionally regarded as the Father of the United States Constitution.

Congressional years

When the Constitution was ratified, Madison was elected to the United States House of Representatives from his home state of Virginia and served from the First Congress through the Fourth Congress, and was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party during his final term in the House. In 1789, he successfully offered a package of twelve proposed amendments to the Constitution, the final ten of which became what is collectively known as the Bill of Rights by December 15, 1791, based upon earlier work by George Mason. Of the first two proposals that were not ratified in 1791, the second one tardily became the 27th Amendment more than 200 years later in 1992.

Related Topics:
United States House of Representatives - Virginia - First Congress - Fourth Congress - Democratic-Republican Party - 1789 - Bill of Rights - December 15 - 1791 - George Mason - 27th Amendment - 1992

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The chief characteristic of Madison's time in Congress was his desire to limit the power of the federal government. One incident that demonstrates this desire is the debate over the Bank of the United States, in which Madison and other followers of Thomas Jefferson denied that the federal government had the power to form its own bank.

Related Topics:
Congress - Federal - Bank of the United States - Thomas Jefferson

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During Madison's time in Congress, the debate over the power of the federal government versus that of the states led to the formation of the first United States political parties. Madison was instrumental in the creation of the Democratic-Republican party, whose members supported Jefferson and believed strongly in limiting centralized power. Opposed to the Democratic-Republicans was the Federalist party, whose members followed Hamilton and believed in a strong central government.

Related Topics:
Democratic-Republican - Federalist

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In 1797 Madison left Congress; in 1801 he became Jefferson's Secretary of State.

Related Topics:
1797 - 1801 - Secretary of State

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