International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. It is intended as a notational standard for the phonemic and phonetic representation of all spoken languages.

Consonants (non-pulmonic)

Notes:

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• All clicks are doubly articulated and require two symbols: a velar or uvular stop, plus a symbol for the release: {{IPA|}}, etc. When the dorsal articulation is omitted, a {{IPA|}} may usually be assumed.
• Symbols for the voiceless implosives {{IPA|}} are no longer supported by the IPA. Instead, the voiced equivalent is used with a voiceless diacritic: {{IPA|}}, etc.
• Although not confirmed from any language, and therefore not "explicitly recognized" by the IPA, a retroflex implosive, {{Unicode|}}, is supported in the Unicode Phonetic Extensions Supplement, added in version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard.
• The ejective symbol is also used for glottalized but pulmonic sonorants, such as {{IPA|, , , }}.