Institutional racism

The term Institutional racism was coined by black activist Stokely Carmichael. In the late 1960's he defined the term as "the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin".http://www.shef.ac.uk/socst/Shop/race_article.pdf

Related Topics:
Racism - Stokely Carmichael - 1960's - Ethnic origin

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Institutional racism (or structural racism or systemic racism) is a form of racism that occurs in institutions such as public bodies and corporations, including universities. In the UK, the inquiry following the murder of Stephen Lawrence defined institutional racism as the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin.

Related Topics:
Racism - Corporation - Universities - UK - Murder - Stephen Lawrence

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Institutional racism is distinguished from the bigotry or racial bias of individuals by the existence of systemic, pervasive and habitual policies and practices that have the effect of disadvantaging certain racial or ethnic groups. Race-based discrimination in housing, employment, education and bank lending (see redlining), for example, are all forms of institutional racism.

Related Topics:
Bigotry - Race-based discrimination - Redlining

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

One common incarnation involves the denial of employment opportunities to individuals lacking nationally local education or experience. This promotes both societal and cultural segregation based only on educational background, and not specifically the individual's race or ethnicity. However, it is generally those individuals who are both born and educated in foreign countries that are most likely to encounter this phenomenon. Complaints are most commonly voiced against countries that have large populations of immigrants (notably Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States). These nations are viewed as either failing to impose their own anti-discrimination laws, or not having strong enough laws at all.

Related Topics:
Immigrants - Canada - New Zealand - Australia - United States

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Institutional racism is often functionally integrated; that is, the disparate elements of racism and bigotry in institutional racism function in an integrated manner, as part of a gestalt.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~