Innovation

Innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved idea, good, service, process or practice which is intended to be useful. Scholars who have studied innovation generally differentiate among four main types of innovation: product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation.

References

• Schumpeter, J. (1934) ?The Theory of Economic Development?, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
• Amabile, T.M. (1996) Creativity in context. New York: Westview Press.
• Stein, M.I. 1974. Stimulating creativity, vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.
• Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E., & Griffin, R.W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18: 293-321.
• OECD The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities. Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. Oslo Manual. 2nd edition, DSTI, OECD / European Commission Eurostat, Paris 31 Dec 1995.
• Chakravorti, B. (2003) The Slow Pace of Fast Change: Bringing Innovations to Market in a Connected World. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
• Chesbrough, H.W. (2003) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. ISBN: 1578518377
• Nordfors, D. The Role of Journalism in Innovation Systems (2004) Innovation Journalism, Vol.1 No.7
• Scotchmer, S. (2004) "Innovation and Incentives", MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.