Industrialisation

Industrialisation (or industrialization) or an industrial revolution (in general, with lowercase letters) is a process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a pre-industrial to an industrial state. This social and economic change is closely intertwined with technological innovation, particularly the development of large-scale energy production and metallurgy. Industrialisation is also related to some form of philosophical change, or to a different attitude in the perception of nature, though whether these philosophical changes are caused by industrialization or vice-versa is subject to debate.

Related Topics:
Social - Economic - Society - Industrial - Technological - Energy - Metallurgy - Philosophical

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When capitalised, Industrial Revolution refers to the first known industrial revolution, which took place in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Second Industrial Revolution describes later, somewhat less dramatic changes which came about with the widespread availability of Electric power and the Internal-combustion engine.

Related Topics:
Industrial Revolution - Europe - 18th - 19th - Second Industrial Revolution - Electric power - Internal-combustion engine

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Pre-industrial economies often rely on sustenance standards of living, whereby large portions of the population focus their collective resources on producing only what can be consumed by them, though there have also been quite a few pre-industrial economies with trade and commerce as a significant factor, enjoying wealth far beyond a sustenance standard of living. Famines were frequent in most pre-industrial societies, although some, such as the Netherlands and England of the 17th and 18th centuries and the ancient Classical civilization were able to escape the famine cycle through increasing trade and commercialization of the agricultural sector.

Related Topics:
Famine - Netherlands - England - Classical civilization - Commercialization

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Many third world countries began industrialisation under the influence of either the United States or the USSR during the Cold War. This effort has been successful in many East Asian countries and less successful in other areas (excluding some late industrializers in Europe that were already progressing fast before the second world war).

Related Topics:
Third world - United States - USSR - Cold War - East Asia - Europe - Second world war

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The currently prevailing "development paradigm" in the international development community (which means the World Bank, OECD, many United Nations departments and some other such organizations) is poverty reduction, which pays attention to economic growth as such, but does not pay attention to industrialization policies and does not speak about industrialization.

Related Topics:
World Bank - OECD - United Nations

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Alvin Toffler calls the industrial society a Second Wave Society.

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