Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labor to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. It began in England with the introduction of steam power (fueled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.

References

General

• Bernal, John Desmond. Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970.
• Derry, Thomas Kingston and Trevor I. Williams. A Short History of Technology : From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900 New York : Dover Publications, 1993.
• Hobsbawm, Eric J.. Industry and Empire : From 1750 to the Present Day . New York : New Press ; Distributed by W.W. Norton,1999.
• Kranzberg, Melvin and Carroll W. Pursell, Jr. editors. Technology in Western civilization New York, Oxford University Press, 1967.
• Lines, Clifford, Companion to the Industrial Revolution, London, New York etc., Facts on File, 1990, ISBN 0-8160-2157-0

Causes

• Landes, David S. The Unbound Prometheus : Technical Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present 2nd ed. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
• Paul Mantoux, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century, First English translation 1928, revised and reset edition 1961.

Machine tools

• Norman Atkinson Sir Joseph Whitworth,1996, Sutton Publishing Limited 1996 ISBN 0-7509-1211-1 (hc), ISBN 0-7509-1648-6 (pb)
• John Cantrell and Gillian Cookson, eds., Henry Maudslay and the Pioneers of the Machine Age, 2002, Tempus Publishing, Ltd, pb., (ISBN 0-7524-2766-0)
• Rev. Dr. Richard L. Hills, Life and Inventions of Richard Roberts, 1789-1864, Landmark Publishing Ltd, 2002, (ISBN 1-84306-027-2)
• Joseph Wickham Roe, English and American Tool Builders, Yale University Press, 1916. Rep. Lindsay Publications Inc., Bradley IL.,1987, (ISBN 0-917914-74-0),(cloth), (ISBN 0-9107914-73-2), paper.