In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a technique in which egg cells are fertilized outside the woman's body. IVF is a major treatment in infertility where other methods of achieving conception have failed.

History

The technique was developed in the United Kingdom by Doctors Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. The first so-called "test-tube baby", Louise Brown, was born as a result on July 25, 1978{{ref|1}} amid intense controversy over the safety and morality of the procedure.

Related Topics:
United Kingdom - Patrick Steptoe - Robert Edwards - Louise Brown - July 25 - 1978

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The first in-vitro fertilization (to produce test tube baby "Durga") in India (and second in the world) was performed by a Calcutta based doctor Dr.Subhash Mukhopadhyay on October 3, 1978.

Related Topics:
Calcutta - Subhash Mukhopadhyay - October 3 - 1978

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The first successful IVF treatment in the USA (producing Elizabeth Carr) took place in 1981 under the direction of Drs Howard and Georgeanna Seegar Jones in Norfolk, Virginia. Since then IVF has exploded in popularity, with as many as 1% of all births now being conceived in-vitro, with over 115,000 born in the USA to date.

Related Topics:
Elizabeth Carr - 1981 - Norfolk, Virginia

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The first baby birth after embryo-cryopreservation occurred in 1984. In 1990, the first birth was reported after use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI, see below) resulted in a birth first in 1992.

Related Topics:
1984 - 1990 - PGD - 1992

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