Illinois

:This article is about the State of Illinois. See Illinois (disambiguation) for other uses.

History

Pre-Columbian

Cahokia, the urban center of the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, was located near present-day Collinsville, Illinois. That civilization vanished circa 1400–1500 for unknown reasons. The next major power in the region was the Illiniwek Confederation, a political alliance among several tribes. The Illiniwek gave Illinois its name. The Illini suffered in the seventeenth century as Iroquois expansion forced them to compete with several tribes for land. The Illini were replaced in Illinois by the Potawatomi, Miami, Sauk, and other tribes.

Related Topics:
Cahokia - Mississippian culture - Collinsville, Illinois - Illiniwek - Iroquois - Potawatomi - Miami - Sauk

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

European exploration

French explorers Jacques Marquette, S.J., and Louis Joliet explored the Illinois River in 1673. As a result of their exploration, Illinois was part of the French empire until 1763, when it passed to the British. George Rogers Clark claimed the Illinois Country for the Commonwealth of Virginia during his military campaigns there in 1778. The area was ceded to the new United States in 1783 and became part of the Northwest Territory.

Related Topics:
French - Jacques Marquette - Louis Joliet - 1673 - 1763 - George Rogers Clark - Illinois Country - Commonwealth of Virginia - 1783 - Northwest Territory

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The 1800s

The Illinois-Wabash Company was an early claimant to much of Illinois. The Illinois Territory was created on February 3, 1809. In 1818, Illinois became the 21st U.S. state. Early U.S. settlement began in the south part of the state and quickly spread northward, driving out the native residents. With the 1832 Black Hawk War, the last native tribes were driven out of northern Illinois.

Related Topics:
Illinois-Wabash Company - Illinois Territory - February 3 - 1809 - 1818 - 1832 - Black Hawk War

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Illinois is known as the "Land of Lincoln" because it is here that the 16th President spent most of his life, practicing law and living in Springfield.

Related Topics:
Lincoln - President - Springfield

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Chicago gained prominence as a canal port after 1848, and as a rail hub soon afterward. By 1857, Chicago was Illinois' largest city (see History of Chicago).

Related Topics:
Chicago - Canal - 1848 - History of Chicago

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The Civil War

During the Civil War, over 250,000 Illinois men served in the Union Army, more than any other northern state except New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Beginning with President Lincoln's first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, Illinois mustered 150 infantry regiments (see Illinois in the Civil War), which were numbered from the 7th IL to the 156th IL. Seventeen cavalry regiments were also gathered, as well as two light artillery regiments.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~