Hybrid

:This article is about a biological term. See hybrid (disambiguation) for other meanings.

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In biology, hybrid has three meanings.

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• The first meaning is either the offspring of two different species, or of two different genera.
• The second meaning of "hybrid" is crosses between populations, breeds or cultivars ("cultivated varieties") of a single species. This second meaning is often used in plant breeding.
• Hybrids between different species within the same genus are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses.
• Hybrids between different genera are sometimes known as intergeneric hybrids.
• The third meaning is in molecular biology, see Hybridization (molecular biology).

Ernst Mayr wrote of Gregor Mendel, "He was uncertain about the nature of the kinds of peas he crossed, and, like most plant breeders, he called heterozygotes "hybrids". When he tried to confirm the laws he had found by using "other hybrids" that were actually real species hybrids, he failed. The use of the same term "hybrid" for two entirely different biological phenomena thwarted his later efforts." (This is Biology, 1997, p58f).

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Some dog hybrids (used in sense two, above), are becoming increasingly popular and are being bred selectively. In cats, the erroneous term feral-domestic hybrid is often used to mean a hybrid between the domestic cat and a wild cat species (a "feral" animal is a domestic animal that has reverted to the wild state)..

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Plant hybrids, especially,are often stronger than either parent variety, a phenomenon which when present is known as hybrid vigour (heterosis). Plant breeders make use of a number of techniques to produce hybrids.

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The lonicera fly is the first known animal species that was created by hybridization. Until then, this process was known among plants only.

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Hybrid: Interspecific hybrids ►



 

Ernst Mayr: Ernst Mayr (July 5, 1904, Kempten, Germany – February 3, 2005, Bedford, Massachusetts USA), was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists. He was at the same time a naturalist, an explorer, an ornithologist and science historian....

Gregor Mendel: Gregor Johann Mendel (July 22, 1822 – January 6, 1884) was an Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants.Mendel showed that there was particulate inheritance of traits according to his laws of inheritance. However, nobody...

Heterozygote: Heterozygote cells are diploid or polyploid and have different alleles at a locus (position) on homologous chromosomes. When an organism is referred to as a heterozygote or as being heterozygous for a specific gene, it means that the organism carries a different version of that gene on each of the t...




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