Howard Walter Florey

Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey of Adelaide and Marston, OM, FRS, (September 24, 1898 – February 21, 1968) was a pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the extraction of penicillin.

Related Topics:
OM - FRS - September 24 - 1898 - February 21 - 1968 - Pharmacologist - Nobel Prize - Physiology - Medicine - 1945 - Ernst Boris Chain - Alexander Fleming - Penicillin

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Born in Adelaide, South Australia, Florey was a brilliant student (and junior sportsman) who studied medicine at the University of Adelaide from 1917 to 1921. At the university he met Ethel Reed, another medical student who was to become both his wife and his research colleague. A Rhodes Scholar, he continued his studies at Magdalen College, Oxford University.

Related Topics:
Adelaide - South Australia - University of Adelaide - 1917 - 1921 - Ethel Reed - Rhodes Scholar - Magdalen College - Oxford University

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

After periods in the United States and at the University of Cambridge, he returned to Oxford, becoming a Fellow of Lincoln College and leading a team of researchers. In 1938, working with Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, he read Alexander Fleming's paper discussing the antibacterial effects of Penicillium notatum mould. His research team investigated the large-scale production of the mould and efficient extraction of the active ingredient, succeeding to the point where, by 1945, penicillin production was an industrial process for the Allies in World War II.

Related Topics:
United States - University of Cambridge - Lincoln College - 1938 - Norman Heatley - Penicillium notatum - 1945 - World War II

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Having been knighted in 1944, Florey was made a life peer in 1965 as Baron Florey, of Adelaide and Marston. This was a higher honour than the knighthood awarded to penicillin's discoverer, Sir Alexander Fleming, and recognised the monumental work Florey did in making penicillin available in sufficient quantities to save millions of lives in the war, despite the doubts of Fleming that this was feasible.

Related Topics:
Knighted - Life peer

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Lord Florey was elected president of the Royal Society in 1959. After the death of Ethel, he married his long-time colleague and research assistant Dr. Margaret Jennings in 1967. He died of a heart attack in 1968.

Related Topics:
Royal Society - 1959 - 1967 - Heart attack

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Florey is regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as probably its greatest scientist. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said that 'in terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia'.

Related Topics:
Sir Robert Menzies - Prime Minister

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Florey's portrait appeared on the Australian $50 note for many years, and a suburb in the national capital Canberra is named after him. A building in the University of Melbourne and the largest lecture theatre in the University of Adelaide's medical school are also named after him.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

In 2004, he was selected the Greatest Australian in a TV special.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.