History of Ireland

The history of Ireland begins between 8000 and 7000 BC, when the first humans inhabited Ireland. This was followed by a migration of Celtic-speaking people between 700 and 500 BC and Viking settlers in the ninth century AD. Until the fifteenth century Ireland was a patch-work of competing kingdoms and over-kingdoms. English involvement in Ireland began with the arrival of the Normans in the twelfth century, but England did not have full control until the whole island had been conquered in 1653.

Footnotes

• Y-chromosome variation and Irish origins (pdf)
• A Y Chromosne Census of the British Isles (pdf)
• Scientists use Irish genes to uncover Europe's past
• Gene Expression - CELTS AND ANGLO-SAXONS