Hero of the Soviet Union

Hero of the Soviet Union (Russian: ????? ?????????? ?????) was the highest honorary title and the superior degree of distinction of the former USSR. It included the Order of Lenin (the highest Soviet award) and, as the sign of excellence, the Gold Star medal with the certificate of the heroic deed (gramota) from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (highest executive body of the land). The award was established on April 16, 1934. If a person was a recipient of several Hero awards, the Lenin Order was given only once, with some exceptions in later times.

Related Topics:
Russian - USSR - Order of Lenin - Gold Star medal - Presidium of the Supreme Soviet - April 16 - 1934

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The total number of persons who were awarded this title is over 12,500. The great majority of them received it during the Great Patriotic War (11,635 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 101 twice Heroes, and 2 thrice Heroes). A famous war hero was for instance Alexander Matrosov who received the distinction posthumously after he died blocking an enemy machine-gun with his own body. Sixty-five people were awarded with the title for actions related to the Soviet-Afghan War, which lasted from 1979 until 1989. http://faculty.winthrop.edu/haynese/medals/afghan/af_hsu.html

Related Topics:
Great Patriotic War - Alexander Matrosov - Soviet-Afghan War

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The first recipients were the pilots Anatoly Liapidevsky (certificate number one), Sigizmund Levanevsky, Vasili Molokov, Mavrikiy Slepnev, Nikolai Kamanin, Ivan Doronin and Mikhail Vodopianov, who participated in the successful aerial search and rescue of the crew of the steamship Cheliuskin, which sunk in Arctic waters, crushed by ice fields, on February 13, 1934.

Related Topics:
Anatoly Liapidevsky - Sigizmund Levanevsky - Vasili Molokov - Mavrikiy Slepnev - Nikolai Kamanin - Ivan Doronin - Mikhail Vodopianov - Cheliuskin - Arctic - February 13 - 1934

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There were 154 people to receive the award twice. A second award entitled the recipient to have a bronze bust of his likeness with a commemorative inscription erected in his homeland.

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Two famous Soviet fighter pilots, Aleksandr Pokryshkin and Ivan Kozhedub were thrice Heroes of the Soviet Union. A third award entitled the same to be erected on a columnar pedestal in Moscow, near the Palace of Soviets, but the Palace was never built.

Related Topics:
Aleksandr Pokryshkin - Ivan Kozhedub - Palace of Soviets

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The only men to receive the title four times were Marshal Georgy Zhukov and Leonid Brezhnev.

Related Topics:
Georgy Zhukov - Leonid Brezhnev

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In the 1970s the award was devaluated. Important political and military persons have been awarded on the occasions of their anniversaries, without immediate heroic activity in its direct sense. However the first breach of the tradition (and the statute of the award) was made by Zhukov, when he was awarded for the fourth time "for his large accomplishments" on the occasion of his 60th anniversary as early as on December 1, 1956. There is some speculation that Zhukov's fourth Hero medal was for his participation in the arrest of Beria in 1953, however, was not put in the records.

Related Topics:
December 1 - 1956 - Beria

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In 1988, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR abolished the practice of granting this award more than once to any individual.

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Apart from individuals, the title was also awarded to twelve cities (Hero City) as well as the fortress of Brest (Hero-Fortress) for collective heroism during the War.

Related Topics:
Hero City - Brest - Hero-Fortress

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The last recipient of the title Hero of the Soviet Union was a Soviet diver, Captain of the 3rd rank Leonid Mikhailovich Solodkov on December 24 1991 for fulfillment of the special diving task. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, this title was succeeded in Russia by the title Hero of the Russian Federation, in Ukraine by Hero of Ukraine and in Belarus by Hero of Belarus.

Related Topics:
Diver - Captain of the 3rd rank - December 24 - 1991 - Hero of the Russian Federation - Hero of Ukraine - Hero of Belarus

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