Heim theory

Heim theory is a proposed 'Theory of Everything', based on the work of the German physicist Burkhard Heim. The theory attempts to resolve incompatibilities between quantum theory and general relativity. The term "Heim theory" is also used for theories which are extensions or generalizations of the original theory proposed by Heim. Most notable are the theoretical generalizations put forth by Droescher, who worked in collaboration with Heim for some length. Their combined theories are also known as "Heim-Droescher" theories, although there are no international established standards for naming Heim-related theories at present. This ambiguity in the term "Heim Theory" has led to some confusion and difficulties over the correct interpretation of the theory. For example, in its original version Heim theory used 6 dimensions, which was sufficient to derive the masses of elementary particles. Droescher first extended this to 8, in order to demonstrate that the QED and QCD structures of the standard model could be found within this expanded version of the original Heim theory. Later, 4 more dimensions were used in the 12 dimensional version that involves extra gravitational forces one of which corresponds to quintessence. All these theories are often known as "Heim theories". The various dimensional extensions allow one to interpret that branches of established physics can be found in Heim theory. This includes Maxwell's equations.

The mass formulae

The mass formulae are perhaps the most important of Heim's theory at the moment. This is because it is the portion of his theory which can be thoroughly analyzed by comparing its numerical results and a standard table of masses for fundamental particles. There are multiple mass formula equations used in succession to compute the entire theoretical "mass spectrum".

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The mass spectrum predicts the masses of fundamental particles and their "resonances". It consists of several nested levels of variables, and is described in summary in the paper "Recommendation of a Way to a Unified Description of Elementary Particles" by Burkhard Heim, published in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Teil A, Band 32A Heft 1-7, 1977 Jan.-Juli, pg. 233-243.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Heim gives the form of the mass spectrum to be

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

:m = a^4 eta_q sqrt{rac{2N }{2N-1}}

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

In Heim's 1989 mass formula http://www.heim-theory.com/downloads/F_Heims_Mass_Formula_1989.pdf, the expression for the masses is broken down as follows:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

:M = mu lpha_+

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(see the above link for explanations of the terms in this expression).

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The derivation of Heim's 1989 formula relies on the partial result published in 1977. Also, there are specific mass spectrum formulae for charged particles, and uncharged particles. These formulae are based on their respective hermetry forms.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Comparison between theoretical and experimental values

Here are tables comparing the theoretical and experimental or measured particle masses and lifetimes of selected particles:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• "measured" = Particle Data Group Cern 2002
• "theoretical" = Heim-theory Group 2003

Heim's approach to calculating the mass spectrum requires 4 parameters, of which the gravitational constant G is the least precise. It has an uncertainty of up to 0.001 (see e.g. http://www.npl.washington.edu/eotwash/gconst.html where it is suggested that uncertainty might even be higher). As a result, relative errors of up to 0.001 are expected. This assumption holds if the mass formula equations are more or less linear with respect to G.

Related Topics:
G - Linear

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The errors indicated in the table are approximately 100 times lower than this value.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

This indicates that the theory is either:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• Nonlinear in G;
• The value of G fortuitously produces these results.

A more a precise estimate of the expected error due to G from the theorists would be required to determine which case this is, but this has apparently not yet been produced. As a result, no error bars have been computed for the theoretical values.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~