Hard bop

Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing.

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Its tempo is often slower than bop's, and its bass playing more varied; it is in part intended to be more accessible to audiences unfamiliar with or not fond of bop. It also is, as David H. Rosenthal contends in his book "Hard Bop," to a large degree the natural creation of a generation of black American musicians who grew up at a time when bop and rhythm and blues were the dominant forms of black American music and jazz musicians as prominent as Tadd Dameron worked in both genres.

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Hard bop musicians include Cannonball Adderly, Art Blakey, Clifford Brown, Donald Byrd, Sonny Clark, John Coltrane, Lou Donaldson, Miles Davis, Kenny Drew, Benny Golson, Dexter Gordon, Joe Henderson, Andrew Hill, Freddie Hubbard, Jackie McLean, Charles Mingus, Blue Mitchell, Hank Mobley, Thelonious Monk, Lee Morgan, Sonny Rollins, and Horace Silver.

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Hard bop was developed in the 1950s and 1960s and enjoyed its greatest popularity in that era, but hard bop performers, and elements of the music, remain popular in jazz.

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Soul jazz developed from hard bop.

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Bebop: Bebop or bop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. It was developed in the early and mid-1940s. Hard bop later developed from bebop combined with blues and gospel music....

Rhythm and blues: Rhythm and blues (or R&B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Jerry Wexler at Billboard magazine, used to designate upbeat popular music performed by African American artists that combined jazz and blues. It replaced the term race music, which was deemed ...

Gospel music: Gospel music may refer either to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the 1930's or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by white southern Christian artists. While the separation between the two styles was never abs...

Hard bop related Images and Photos (experimental)

Hard Way, The (DVD)	Hard Ball	Hard Rain	Bop It! Game
Hard Easy, The (DVD)	Hard, Fast & Beautiful	Hard Boiled	Hard Contract
Hard Fi - Photo	Hard to Get	Hard To Get (DVD)	Hard, Fast & Beautiful (1951) (DVD)