Hanoi

:This article is about the Capital city of Vietnam. For the puzzle game, see Tower of Hanoi.

History

Through history, Hanoi has known many names. During Chinese domination of Vietnam, it was known as T?ng Bình and later Long ??. In 866, it was turned into a citadel and was named ??i La.

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In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of ??i Vi?t (the name of Vietnam then) to the site of the ??i La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed it Th?ng Long (Ascending dragon). It remained the capital of Vietnam until 1397, when the capital was moved to Thanh Hoá, also known as Tây ?ô (Western Capital). Th?ng Long then became ?ông ?ô (Eastern Capital).

Related Topics:
Lý Thái Tổ - Lý Dynasty - 1397 - Thanh Hoá

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In 1408, Vietnam was invaded by Chinese troops from the Ming Dynasty and ?ông ?ô was renamed ?ông Quan (Eastern Gateway) by the Chinese. In 1428, Vietnam was liberated from Chinese rule by Le Loi, the founder of the Le Dynasty and ?ông Quan was renamed ?ông Kinh (Eastern Capital - the name known to Europeans as Tonkin). During the Tay Son Dynasty, it was named B?c Thành (Northern Citadel). 1802, when the Nguyen Dynasty moved the capital to Hu?, it reverted back to the name Th?ng Long, but this time the character for "Long" represents prosperity, not dragon. In 1831 the Nguyen Dynasty renamed it Hà N?i (Between Rivers) . Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. It became the capital of French Indochina after 1887.

Related Topics:
1408 - Ming Dynasty - 1428 - Le Loi - Le Dynasty - Tonkin - Tay Son Dynasty - 1802 - Nguyen Dynasty - Hu? - 1831 - French - 1873 - French Indochina - 1887

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The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940, and liberated in 1945, when it became the seat of Vietnam's government. From 1946 to 1954, it was the scene of heavy fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces. At that point, the city became the capital of an independent North Vietnam.

Related Topics:
Japanese - 1940 - 1945 - 1946 - 1954 - Viet Minh - North Vietnam

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During the Vietnam War Hanoi's transportation facilities were not disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways, which were, however, immediately repaired. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of all Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were united on July 2, 1976.

Related Topics:
Vietnam War - South Vietnam - July 2 - 1976

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