Habsburg

Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe.

Main Line

Before Rudolph rose to German king, the Habsburgs were Counts in what is today south-western Germany and Switzerland.

Related Topics:
Rudolph - German king - Count - Germany - Switzerland

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Ancestors

• Guntram the Rich (ca. 930 - 985 / 990) Father of:
• Lanzelin of Altenburg (d. 991). Besides Radbot, he had sons named Rudolph I, Wernher, and Landolf.

Counts of Habsburg

• Radbot of Klettgau, built the Habsburg (ca. 985 - 1035). Besides Werner I, he had two other sons: Otto I, who would become Count of Sundgau in the Alsace, and Albrecht I.
• Werner I, Count of Habsburg (1025 / 1030 - 1096). Besides Otto II, there was another son, Albert II, who was reeve of Muri from 1111 - 1141 after the death of Otto II.
• Otto II of Habsburg; first to name himself as "of Habsburg" (d. 1111) Father of:
• Werner II of Habsburg (around 1135; d. 1167) Father of:
• Albrecht III of Habsburg (the Rich), d. 1199. Under him, the Habsburg territories expanded to cover most of what is today the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Father of:
• Rudolph II of Habsburg (d. 1232) Father of:
• Albrecht IV of Habsburg, (d. 1239 / 1240); father of Rudolph IV of Habsburg, who would later become king Rudolph I of Germany. Between Albrecht IV and his brother Rudolph III, the Habsburg properties were split, with Albrecht keeping the Aargau and the western parts, the eastern parts going to Rudolph III.

Kings of Germany

• Rudolph I was king of Germany (then an elective position, as its successive post, the Holy Roman Emperor, would be) from 1273 - 1291.

Dukes of Austria

In the late middle ages, when the Habsburgs expanded their territories in the east, they often ruled as dukes. "Duke of Austria" is a bit misleading, though: Austria proper at the time covered what is today Lower Austria. The Habsburg possessions also included Styria, and then expanded west to include Carinthia and Carniola in 1335 and Tyrol in 1363. Their original scattered possessions in the southern Alsace, south-western Germany and Vorarlberg were collectively known as Vorderösterreich. The Habsburg dukes gradually lost their homelands south of the Rhine and Lake Constance to the expanding Old Swiss Confederacy. Unless mentioned explicitly, the dukes of Austria also ruled over Vorderösterreich until 1379, after that year, Vorderösterreich was ruled by the Princely Count of Tyrol. Names in italics designate dukes that never actually ruled.

Related Topics:
Middle ages - Lower Austria - Styria - Carinthia - Carniola - 1335 - Tyrol - 1363 - Alsace - Vorarlberg - Vorderösterreich - Rhine - Lake Constance - Old Swiss Confederacy - 1379

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• Rudolph II, son of Rudolph I, duke of Austria and Styria together with his brother 1282 - 1283, was dispossessed by his brother, who eventually would be murdered by one of Rudolph's sons.
• Albert I (Albrecht I), son of Rudolph I and brother of the above, duke from 1282 - 1308; was Holy Roman Emperor from 1298 - 1308. See also below.
• Rudolph III, oldest son of Albert I, designated duke of Austria and Styria 1298 - 1307
• Frederick the Handsome (Friedrich der Schöne), brother of Rudolph III. Duke of Austria and Styria (with his brother Leopold I) from 1308 - 1330; officially co-regent of emperor Louis IV since 1325, but never ruled.
• Leopold I, brother of the above, duke of Austria and Styria from 1308 - 1326.
• Albert II (Albrecht II), brother of the above, duke of Vorderösterreich from 1326 - 1358, duke of Austria and Styria 1330 - 1358, duke of Carinthia after 1335.
• Otto the Jolly (der Fröhliche), brother of the above, duke of Austria and Styria 1330 - 1339 (together with his brother), duke of Carinthia after 1335.
• Rudolph IV the Founder (der Stifter), oldest son of Albert II. Duke of Austria and Styria 1358 - 1365, Duke of Tyrol after 1363.

After the death of Rudolph IV, his brothers Albert III and Leopold III ruled the Habsburg possessions together from 1365 until 1379, when they split the territories in the Treaty of Neuberg, Albert keeping Austria proper and Leopold ruling over Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, the Windish March, Tyrol, and Vorderösterreich.

Related Topics:
Albert III - Leopold III - 1365 - 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg - Styria - Carinthia - Carniola - Windish March - Tyrol - Vorderösterreich

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Albertine line: Dukes of Austria

• Albert III (Albrecht III), duke of Austria until 1395, from 1386 (after the death of Leopold) until 1395 also ruled over the latters possessions.
• Albert IV (Albrecht IV), duke of Austria 1395 - 1404, in conflict with Leopold IV.
• Albert V (Albrecht V), duke of Austria 1404 - 1439, Holy Roman Emperor from 1438 - 1439 as Albert II. See also below.
• Ladislaus Posthumus, son of the above, duke of Austria 1440 - 1457.

Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol

• Leopold III, duke of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, and Vorderösterreich until 1386, when he was killed in the Battle of Sempach.
• William (Wilhelm), son of the above, 1386 - 1406 duke in Innerösterreich (Carinthia, Styria)
• Leopold IV, son of Leopold III, 1391 regent of Vorderösterreich, 1395 - 1402 duke of Tyrol, after 1404 also duke of Austria, 1406 - 1411 duke of Innerösterreich

Leopoldine-Innerösterreich sub-line

:* Ernest the Iron (der Eiserne), 1406 - 1424 duke of Innerösterreich, until 1411 together and competing with his brother Leopold IV.

Related Topics:
Ernest ''the Iron'' - 1406 - 1424 - 1411

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:* Frederick V (Friedrich), son of Ernst, became emperor Frederick III in 1440. He was duke of Innerösterreich from 1424 on. Guardian of Sigismund 1439 - 1446 and of Ladislaus Posthumus 1440 - 1452. See also below.

Related Topics:
Frederick V - Emperor - Frederick III - 1440 - 1424 - Sigismund - 1439 - 1446 - Ladislaus Posthumus - 1452 - Below

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:* Albert VI (Albrecht VI), brother of the above, 1446 - 1463 regent of Vorderösterreich, duke of Austria 1458 - 1463

Related Topics:
Albert VI - 1446 - 1463 - 1458

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Leopoldine-Tyrol sub-line

:* Frederick IV (Friedrich), brother of Ernst, 1402 - 1439 duke of Tyrol and Vorderösterreich

Related Topics:
Frederick IV - 1402 - 1439

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:* Sigismund, also spelled Siegmund or Sigmund, 1439 - 1446 under the tutelage of the Frederick V above, then duke of Tyrol, and after the death of Albrecht VI in 1463 also duke of Vorderösterreich.

Related Topics:
Sigismund - 1439 - 1446

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Reuniting of Habsburg possessions

Sigismund had no children and adopted Maximilian I, son of duke Frederick V (emperor Frederick III). Under Maximilian, the possessions of the Habsburgs would be united again under one ruler, after he had re-conquered Lower Austria after the death of Matthias Corvinus, who resided in Vienna and styled himself duke of Austria from 1485 - 1490.

Related Topics:
Maximilian I - Lower Austria - Matthias Corvinus - Vienna - 1485 - 1490

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Holy Roman Emperors previous to the reunion of the Habsburg possessions

• Rudolph I, emperor 1273 - 1291 (never crowned)
• Albert I, emperor 1298 - 1308 (never crowned)
• Albert II, emperor 1438 - 1439 (never crowned)
• Frederick III, emperor 1440 - 1493

Kings of Hungary previous to the reunion of the Habsburg possessions

• Albert, king of Hungary 1437 - 1439
• Ladislaus V Posthumus, king of Hungary 1444 - 1457