Grozny

Grozny ({{lang-ru|????????}}) is the capital of the Chechen Republic in Russia.

History

The Groznaya fortress was founded in 1818 as a Russian military outpost. It was turned into the town of Grozny in 1870. (The change of the name ending follows the rules for adjectives when the modified noun was changed from the feminine gender ("threatening fortress") to masculine ("threatening town").) the town grew only slowly until the early 20th century. It then became a major industrial center and one of the Soviet Union's first oil production centers. In addition to the oil drilled in the city itself, it sits in the geographical center of Russia's network of oil fields.

Related Topics:
1818 - Adjective - Feminine gender - Masculine - 20th century - Industrial - Soviet Union - Oil

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In 1922 it was capital of Chechen Autonomous Oblast (Chechen AO), which was turned into Chechen-Ingush AO (1934) and then into the Chechen-Ingush ASSR (1936). In 1944 the whole population of Chechens and Ingushs was deported, and Grozny became capital of the Grozny Oblast of RSFSR. Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored in 1957.

Related Topics:
1922 - 1934 - Chechen-Ingush ASSR - 1936 - 1944 - The whole population of Chechens and Ingushs was deported - Oblast - RSFSR

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Grozny was the seat of a separatist regime led by Dzhokhar Dudaev and was re-taken by the Russian Army forces during the First Chechen War in 1995. Guerrilla units operating from nearby mountains managed to harass and partly demoralize the Russian Army, leading to political and public pressure for a Russian withdrawal. The army withdrew in 1996 and Grozny was once again in the hands of Chechen separatists.

Related Topics:
Soviet Union - Separatist - Dzhokhar Dudaev - Russian Army - First Chechen War - 1995 - Guerrilla - 1996

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The intense fighting and carpet bombing by the Russian Air Force caused much of the city to be destroyed. Nnumerous buildings, including the Presidential Palace, were reduced to a burnt shell, and debris littered the streets.

Related Topics:
Carpet bombing - Russian Air Force - Presidential Palace

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The name was changed to Djohar in 1997 by the elected president, Aslan Maskhadov.

Related Topics:
1997 - Aslan Maskhadov

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Grozny was once again the scene of fighting after the outbreak of the Second Chechen War in 1999. The federal government representatives in Chechnya are based in Grozny; their headquarters building was blown up on December 27, 2002 by Chechen suicide bombers, leaving 72 people dead and 200 injured.

Related Topics:
Second Chechen War - 1999 - December 27 - 2002 - Suicide bomber

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