Galaxy


 

:This article is about celestial bodies. For alternate meanings, see galaxy (disambiguation).

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A galaxy is a large gravitationally bound system of stars, interstellar gas and dust, plasma and unseen dark matter. Typical galaxies contain 10 million to one trillion (107 to 1012) or more stars, all orbiting a common center of gravity. In addition to single stars and a tenuous interstellar medium, most galaxies contain a large number of multiple star systems and star clusters as well as various types of nebulae. Most galaxies are several thousand to several hundred thousand light years in diameter and are usually separated from one another by distances on the order of millions of light years.

Related Topics:
Gravitationally bound - Stars - Interstellar gas and dust - Plasma - Dark matter - 107 - Center of gravity - Multiple star systems - Star clusters - Nebulae - Light years

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Although so called dark matter and dark energy appear to account for well over 90% of the mass of most galaxies, the nature of these unseen components is not well understood. There is some evidence that supermassive black holes may exist at the center of many, if not all, galaxies.

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Intergalactic space, the space between galaxies, is a tenuous plasma with an average density of less than one atom per cubic meter of gas or dust. There are probably more than 1011 galaxies in the visible universe.

Related Topics:
Intergalactic space - Plasma - 1011 - Universe

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~ Table of Content ~

Introduction
Types of galaxies
Larger scale structures
History
Etymology
See also
References
External links

~ Community ~

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Latest news on galaxy

See Saturday & Sun @11-12*Remodeled *Hardwood floor*Garden*Sunny*Clean (sunset / parkside) $2295 2bd

Beautifully Remodeled 2 bedroom 1 & 1/2 bath for rent Open house Saturday & Sunday 11am to 12noon. 415-931-6780 2816 Noriega street between 35th and 36th avenue. Now available : Upper level of a house in the sunset area of San Francisco. Lovingly maintained on both the inside as well as the outside. The house has had a quality makeover. Deposit is 1.5 times rent. A remodeled kitchen with refinished hardwood floors, lots of kitchen cabinets, newer stainless steel fridge, full sized stove, top of the line GE Profile fridge with ice and water dispenser, gas stove. There is a skylight in kitchen. There is one full bath and another 1/2 bath which has a toilet and sink. Very convenient. NO more waiting to use the bathroom. There is a small island. The counters are beautiful black galaxy granite. The sink is stainless steeel and there is a pullout faucet. There is a dining area off the kitchen. Very sunny, two windows in this area. Newly refinished Hardwood floors throughout Bath has a skylight with a window for ventilation and light. Completely painted in a soft tasteful tan in all the rooms. New double pane windows ensure a warm and quiet interior. Beautifuly refinshed hardwood floors. Recessed lighting throughout Outside: The home is currenty being painted. The back yard has a gazebo and a well maniqured garden as well as an upper deck. There is a sliding glass door in one of the bedrooms which leads to a deck and to the garden which is shared with the tenant downstairs. Garage area is occupied by other tenants so you will be occupying the top level Conveniences: Safeway market and other supporting stores are on Noriega just two blocks away as well as the Muni bus #71. Ocean Beach is 14 blocks away and the views on a clear day can be spectacular. Easy access to the Peninsula and all other parts of the city. Street parking. Garage may become available for an additional fee. sorry, no pets. cats negotiable. 415-931-6780

Gallery: Cosmic Motors From Another Galaxy

: Image: Daniel SimonDaniel Simon is an automotive futurist. He's interned with Lamborghini and worked on concept cars for VW. But the auto industry -- indeed, the galaxy -- could not contain his imagination. In a time of all talk and no action by car companies promising us the car of the future, Simon's new book Cosmic Motors: Spaceships, Cars and Pilots of Another Galaxy satisfies our future-lust with hyper-real fetish vehicles. Most artist renderings of futuristic vehicles are so outlandish they verge on cartoonish. Simon avoids that trap by incorporating automotive and industrial touchstones -- steering wheels, rivets, turbines -- everyone can recognize. It feels like you could reach out and touch them. Click through the gallery to check out these amazing vehicles and the stories behind them. Left: Simon hasn't just created cool vehicles, he's created an elaborate back story for them. Most are built by Cosmic Motors, which could be called the General Motors of Nembi, a planet in the distant galaxy Galaxion. The Camarudo is CoMo's first vehicle, built from parts salvaged from wrecked cargo ships. Its small size and nimble handling made it the perfect vehicle for hunting, and CoMo adapted them to racing. Many famous pilots started their careers flying them on Oosfera. : Image: Daniel Simon"A 'real' futuristic ship does not need anything but a seat and a plug," says Simon, who worked in the auto industry before launching Daniel Simon Studios two years ago. "The pilot steers via mind and feels the input via brain injections. Design-wise, that's dead boring. Without all these real-world details, my fantasy vehicles would be less desirable because they're less recognizable." Left: Here's a different Camarudo, shot from above. The first Camarudos were assembled by farmers, a heritage reflected in its simple design. A turbine provides thrust, and forward visibility is by means of a virtual 3-D display, rendering a windscreen unnecessary. Despite its humble beginnings, Camarudos often are customized to reflect the personalities of its pilots. : Image: Daniel SimonSimon, now 33 and living in Germany, is a lifelong gearhead who's been drawing since he was 4. He got serious about it when he was 17 and earned a degree in transportation design from the University of Applied Science in Pforzheim. He kicked around the auto industry for six years before launching his own design studio because, "I have to experience much more than car design." Working in the auto industry "is a boy's dream come true," he says, "but there is much other cool stuff, like jets, rockets, boats or movies." He's done some consulting and design work and he's currently in Los Angeles working on an undisclosed movie. Left: The Detonator was a styling exercise never meant for production, but it proved so popular at CoMo's annual party that the brass approved a limited run of 10. Each has a 6-liter V8 engine good for 155 mph. Most are owned by collectors who display them on the show-car circuit, but the fate of No. 5 remains a mystery after it vanished without a trace. : Image: Daniel Simon The 700-foot-long Incisalis is the centerpiece of the Djado fleet that carries the princess of Pangha-Ipoh, a desert planet of simple technology. The Incisalis travels with an identical decoy ship and is always accompanied by a fleet of smaller, lighter-than-air ships and ground caravans that carry servants, cooks, mechanics and others in service of the princess. : Image: Daniel SimonThis drop-dead gorgeous coupe is the Galaxion 5000, the most technologically advanced vehicle in the CoMo lineup. A xenoramium fusion reactor provides blinding acceleration to 330 mph. Available only in translucent white, unauthorized "Black Edition" models with mile-deep black paint and extensive weaponry have surfaced in the underworld of Tarra 1. : Image: Daniel SimonThe Gravion was built to dominate the Gravion Cup races of Glancory. The asymmetrical design accommodates the massive engine used in the Sexy Magrela aerial racers, creating a vehicle capable of 1,300 mph. Taking turns at that speed generates huge G-forces, so the off-center cockpit rotates to keep the driver from snapping his neck. Heated coils in the rear tires keep the rubber hot for optimal adhesion. : Image: Daniel SimonPatrolling the trade routes of the ice planet Nala is nasty work best done in an Ice Train Series 3. The huge vehicles -- the entry door is 24 feet above the ground -- feature giant heated wheels that cut through the ice and snow to solid ground. Much of the space inside the vehicle is reserved for the massive turbine engines, leaving just enough room for the captain, the navigator and a crew of 12 dwarfs. : Image: Daniel SimonThe ultra-luxurious Nembiquarer started out as a military vehicle developed by CoMo's main competitor, Astrocon, but the project was abandoned when peace came to Tarra III. CoMo bought the blueprints and created a go-anywhere, do-anything vehicle favored by the obscenely wealthy. Two versions of the 45-foot-long truck compete in the Trans Terra Rally. : Image: Daniel SimonThe Sexy Magarella is an aerial racer based on Astrocon's Railton Bomber military ship. The powerful bombers are popular among racers who strip them down and trick them out for the daring -- and dangerous -- Railton Cup races on Oosfera. This particular model is flown by Roketa Fleetza and Lagata Donner, the daughters of CoMo founder Osni Redooa and two of the cup's most-successful pilots. : Image: Daniel SimonOf all the planets of Galaxion, only Mujofa remains wracked by war. Taooa are powerful laser gunships that feature two 505-mm light rays capable of destroying anything that might give it trouble. The warships often sport nosecone art similar to those that graced warplanes on a distant planet called Earth.

MAD About Star Wars: more than your average MAD anthology

MAD About Star Wars is a lot more than your typical MAD magazine anthology. The author, Jonathan Bresman, was a Lucasfilm employee before he became a senior editor at MAD, so there's a really great sense of how Lucasfilm and George Lucas (a legendary MAD Magazine fan) reacted to each of the many spot-on, hold-your-gut parodies MAD ran over the years. The book is liberally sprinkled with sidebar anaecdotes telling stories of MAD and Lucas's relationship to each other (for example, the Lucasfilm legal department sent a threatening letter to MAD about one of their parodies; the same parody generated a personal fan-letter from George Lucas -- MAD simply sent copies of each letter to the other sender and the problem went away), including the many times a MAD parody about tatty Star Wars merch or franchising was outdone by actual licensed products and sequels. Bresman also pokes fun at MAD's own propensity for cheap shots, counting all the limp light-saber jokes and other repeated gags that show up in each new parody. Thirty years of Star Wars generated thirty years of great material for MAD, and this volume collects the very best of it, annotating it with background and inside info. It's just the thing to remind yourself of why MAD rules -- or to turn on a young Star Wars fan to decades worth of loving lampoons. MAD About Star Wars Update: Bonnie Burton sez, "We did a lot of interviews with the authors and the old MAD magazine crew: It's a MAD MAD MAD MAD Galaxy (Interviews with Mort Drucker and Dick DeBartolo); The Usual Gang of Jediots: MAD About Star Wars (Interviews with David Shayne and Jonathan Bresman)"...

Milky Way's black hole gets extreme close-up

Using linked radio telescopes around the world, astronomers are zeroing in on the galaxy's most elusive inhabitant

Beautifully remodeled*hardwood*1.5 bath*garden*Sunny!Recessed lights* (sunset / parkside) $2295 2bd

2 bedroom 1 1/2 bath for rent. 415-931-6780. please call after you have read info below. thanks Noriega street between 35th and 36th avenue. Now available : Upper level of a house in the sunset area of San Francisco. Lovingly maintained on both the inside as well as the outside. The house has had a quality makeover. The inside has been professionally painted. The outside is currently being painted. The garden has been landscaped and also has a custom built gazebo. Decorative fireplace. A remodeled kitchen with refinished hardwood floors, lots of kitchen cabinets, newer stainless steel fridge, full sized stove, top of the line GE Profile fridge with ice and water dispenser, gas stove. There is a skylight in kitchen. There is a small island. The counters are beautiful black galaxy granite. The sink is stainless steeel and there is a pullout faucet. There is a dining area off the kitchen. Very sunny, two windows in this area. Newly refinished Hardwood floors throughout Bath has a skylight with a window for ventilation and light. Completely painted in a soft tasteful tan in all the rooms. New double pane windows ensure a warm and quiet interior. Beautifuly refinshed hardwood floors. Recessed lighting throughout Outside: The home is currenty being painted. The back yard has a gazebo and a well maniqured garden as well as an upper deck. There is a sliding glass door in one of the bedrooms which leads to a deck and to the garden. Garage area is occupied by other tenants so you will be occupying the top level. Conveniences: Safeway market and other supporting stores are on Noriega just two blocks away as well as the Muni bus #71. Ocean Beach is 14 blocks away and the views on a clear day can be spectacular. Easy access to the Peninsula and all other parts of the city. Street parking. Garage may become available for an additional fee. sorry, no pets. cats negotiable. 415-931-6780. looking for immediate occupancy. good credit a must. looking for scores near 700. co-signers accepted for those without credit but not for bad credit. we do not participate with section 8 housing. 415-931-6780.

New Kitchen,windows,paint*garden*Sunny*Clean*Must see! Noriega St* (sunset / parkside) $2295 2bd

Beautifully remodeled 2 bedroom 1 1/2 bath for rent. 415-931-6780. Address: Noriega street between 35th and 36th avenue. Now available : Upper level of a house in the sunset area of San Francisco. Lovingly maintained on both the inside as well as the outside. The house has had a quality makeover. The inside has been professionally painted. The outside is currently being painted. The garden has been landscaped and also has a custom built gazebo. Owner have lived in the property so the property has been well maintained. Decorative fireplace in living room. A remodeled kitchen with refinished hardwood floors, lots of kitchen cabinets, newer stainless steel fridge, full sized stove, top of the line GE Profile fridge with ice and water dispenser, gas stove. There is a skylight in kitchen. There is a small island in the kitchen. The counters are beautiful black galaxy granite. The sink is stainless steeel and there is a pullout faucet. There are 1 full bath & a 1/2 bathroom which has a sink and toilet. There is a dining area off the kitchen. Very sunny, two windows in this area. There is also a custom built bench by the window for extra seating and storage. Newly refinished Hardwood floors throughout. TENANT FURNISHED AREA RUGS REQUIRED UPON MOVE-IN ON ALL HARDWOOD AND PARQUET FLOOR AREA. Bath has a skylight with a window for ventilation and light. Completely painted in a soft tasteful tan in all the rooms. New double pane windows ensure a warm and quiet interior. Beautifuly refinshed hardwood floors. Recessed lighting throughout Outside: The home is currenty being painted. The back yard has a gazebo and a well maniqured garden as well as an upper deck. There is a sliding glass door in one of the bedrooms which leads to a deck and to the garden which is shared with the tenant downstairs. 415-931-6780 Garage area / lower level is occupied by other tenants so you will be occupying the top level. Conveniences: Safeway market and other supporting stores are on Noriega just two blocks away as well as the Muni bus #71. Ocean Beach is 14 blocks away. Easy access to the Peninsula and all other parts of the city. Street parking. Garage may become available for an additional fee. sorry, no pets. cats negotiable. Looking for responsible tenants who will appreciate the place. No partying, drugs, noise, etc.

SPACE PHOTOS THIS WEEK: Thousand-Ruby Galaxy, More

A new image reveals the "thousand-ruby galaxy," Mars's poles may indicate planet's climactic history, and more in our weekly roundup of space photos.

Dark matter and normal matter 'divorce' in cosmic clash

After two massive galaxy clusters collided, their gas slowed down but their dark matter continued on unimpeded

Massive galaxy cluster to shed light on cosmic lumpiness

The most distant, massive cluster of galaxies has been found – such monsters could help reveal the distribution of matter after the big bang

Plot the Galaxy on Wired.com's Star Wars Timeline

The Star Wars empire has expanded to encompass thousands of characters, planets and events. It's the job of Leland Chee and the Lucasfilm continuity geeks to rule on what's official and what's not.