Fumble

A fumble in American football and Canadian football occurs when an offensive player such as the quarterback or a running back drops the ball while it is still in play. A fumble may also be forced by a defensive player who either grabs or punches the ball or butts the ball with his helmet. Under a rules interpretation usually cited under the rubric "the ground cannot cause a fumble," if a player is tackled and loses control of the ball at or after the time he makes contact with the ground, the ball is treated as dead and not in play.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Fumbles usually occur during the snap, while running the ball, or in a failed attempt at a lateral pass. Technically, however, if a player drops the ball while attempting to catch a lateral pass it is a muff (you can't "fumble" a loose ball). The result is the same and most announcers will still call it a fumble.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

If the ball is fumbled the defensive team may recover the ball and even advance it to their goal. The same is true for the offense, but usually when the offense recovers the ball it simply tries to down it. The offense cannot advance the ball if it recovers its own fumble on fourth down, or in the last two minutes of the game. This is not the same thing as when a forward pass is attempted and the intended receiver does not catch it. In this latter case, it is simply an incomplete pass. However, if the receiver were to catch the ball, but then drop it after gaining control of the ball, that would be considered a fumble.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The effects of fumbles vary when the ball goes out of bounds without being recovered:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• A fumble going out-of-bounds between the endzones is retained by the last team with possession (in Canadian football, the last team to touch the ball). If the ball was moving backwards, it is spotted where it went out of bounds. If the ball was moving forwards, it is spotted where the fumble occured (the fumble itself cannot advance the ball).
• A fumble going out-of-bounds in the endzone being attacked results in the defending team assumes possession via touchback.
• A fumble going out-of-bounds in the endzone being defended is ruled a safety.

In all cases, a fumble recovered by an out-of-bounds player is considered an out-of-bounds fumble even if the ball never leaves the field of play.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Canadian football: Canadian football is a sport in which two teams of twelve players each compete for territorial control of a field of play 110 yards (100.58 metres) long and 65 yards (59.43 metres) wide, with end zones 20 yards (18.29 metres) deep. At each goal line is a set of forty-foot (12.2 metre) high goalposts...

Offensive: Offensive may relate to...

Quarterback: The quarterback is a position in the offensive backfield of American and Canadian football, directly behind players of the "line". He is generally the leader of the offensive team when it is on the field, responsible for initiating play by receiving the snap of the ball from the center....