Frank Norris

Benjamin Franklin Norris (March 5, 1870 - October 25, 1902) was an American novelist during the Progressive Era, the United States' first important naturalist writer. His notable works include McTeague (1899), The Octopus: A California Story (1901), and The Pit (1903). Although he did not support socialism as a political system, his work nevertheless evinces a socialist mentality and influenced socialist/progressive writers such as Upton Sinclair. Like many of his contemporaries, he was profoundly influenced by the event of Darwinism, and Thomas Henry Huxley's philiosophical defense of it. Through many of his novels, notably McTeague, runs a preoccupation with the notion of the civilised man overcoming the inner "brute", his animalistic tendencies. His peculiar, and often confused, brand of Social Darwinism also bears the influence of the early criminologist Cesare Lombroso.

Bibliography

• Moran of the Lady Letty (1898)
• A Man's Woman (1900)
• The Responsibilities of the Novelist (1903) — a collection of essay on the role of the writer

The San Francisco trilogy:

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• McTeague (1899) — a naturalist work set in San Francisco, California. A dentist murders his wife and then dies while escaping through Death Valley. McTeague was filmed as Greed by Erich von Stroheim in 1924.
• Blix (1900)
• Vandover and the Brute (posthumously published 1914) — a study of degeneration.

The Epic of Wheat trilogy:

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• The Octopus: A California Story (1901) — describes the raising of wheat in California and the conflict between the wheat growers and a railway company; Norris was inspired by the events surrounding the Southern Pacific Railroad Mussel Slough Tragedy.
• The Pit (1903) — the second novel in the trilogy, about wheat speculation on the Chicago Board of Trade.
• The third novel, Wolf, was never written but was to have shown the American-grown wheat relieving a famine-stricken village in Europe.