François-Noël Babeuf

François-Noël Babeuf (November 23, 1760 - May 27, 1797), known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French political agitator and journalist of the revolutionary period. He was executed for his role in the Conspiracy of the Equals. Although the words "socialist" and "communist" did not exist in Babeuf's lifetime, they have both been used to describe his ideas, by later scholars.

Further reading

• R.B. Rose, Gracchus Babeuf: The First Revolutionary Communist, Stanford University Press (1978), hardcover, ISBN 0804709491 or Routledge (1978), hardcover, ISBN 0713159936
• Ian H. Birchall (a member of the British Socialist Workers Party), The Spectre of Babeuf, Palgrave Macmillan (1997), hardcover, 204 pages, ISBN 0312173652 or ISBN 0312173652
• Ernest B. Bax, Last Episodes of the French Revolution, Haskell House Pub Ltd (1971), hardcover, ISBN 0838312829
• Philippe Buonarroti, translated by James Bronterre O'Brien, Babeuf's conspiracy for equality, Hetherington (1836 - first English edition); Kelly (1965) hardcover, 454 pages
• Advielle, Histoire de Gracchus Babeuf et du babouvisme, (1995) paperback, ISBN 2735502120