Finnish War

The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, according to the Finns in personal union with Imperial Russia. Another notable effect was the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and a new royal house, that of Bernadotte.

The war

On February 21, 1808 Russian troops crossed the border. At the same time southern Sweden was threatened by an attack from Denmark. The plan of the Swedish army under Johan Adam Cronstedt was to retreat into Ostrobothnia leaving only the strongly fortified Sveaborg behind. The fort surrendered although there was enough ammunition and food to last several months.

Related Topics:
February 21 - 1808 - Johan Adam Cronstedt - Ostrobothnia - Sveaborg

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Under a new commander, Carl Johan Adlercreutz, the Swedish army counter-attacked and halted the Russian offensive at the Battle of Siikajoki. Although the Swedes were successful for a while they didn't receive needed reinforcements.

Related Topics:
Carl Johan Adlercreutz - Battle of Siikajoki

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Adlercreutz fought a defensive battle at Oravais, but lost and was forced to retreat. The day before Georg Carl von Döbeln had won the legendary Battle of Jutas.

Related Topics:
Battle at Oravais - Georg Carl von Döbeln - Battle of Jutas

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On November 19 the convention of Olkijoki was signed and the Swedish army was forced to leave Finland.

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