Eutrophication

Eutrophication is the gradual increase and enrichment of an ecosystem by nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Although traditionally thought of as enrichment of aquatic systems by addition of fertilizers into lakes, bays, or other semi-enclosed waters (even slow-moving rivers), there is gathering evidence that terrestrial ecosystems are subject to similarly adverse impacts (APIS, 2005). The increase in available nutrients promotes plant growth, favoring certain species over others and forcing a change in species composition. In aquatic environments, enhanced growth of choking aquatic vegetation or phytoplankton (that is, an algal bloom) disrupts normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing a variety of problems. Human society is impacted as well: eutrophic conditions decrease the resource value of rivers, lakes, and estuaries such that recreation, fishing, hunting, and aesthetic enjoyment are hindered. Health-related problems can occur where eutrophic conditions interfere with drinking water treatment (Bartram, et al., 1999).

Related Topics:
Ecosystem - Nutrient - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Aquatic - Fertilizer - Lake - Bay - River - Phytoplankton - Algal bloom - Water treatment

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Eutrophication was recognized as a pollution problem in European and North American lakes and reservoirs in the middle of the twentieth century (Rohde, 1969). Since then, it has become more widespread. Surveys have shown that in Asia, 54% of lakes are eutrophic; in Europe, 53%; in North America, 48%; in South America, 41%; and in Africa, 28% (ILEC/Lake Biwa Research Institute, 1988-1993).

Related Topics:
Asia - Europe - North America - South America - Africa

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~