Ernest Mandel

Ernest Ezra Mandel, also known by various pseudonyms such as Ernest Germain, Pierre Gousset, Henri Vallin, Walter etc. (b. Frankfurt April 5, 1923 - d. Brussels July 20, 1995) was a Belgian Jew recruited to the Fourth International in his youth in Antwerp. His parents, Henri and Rosa Mandel, were emigres from Poland, the former a member of Rosa Luxemburg's and Karl Liebknecht's Spartacus League. Ernest's entrance to university studies was cut short when the German occupying forces closed the university down.

Related Topics:
Frankfurt - April 5 - 1923 - Brussels - July 20 - 1995 - Belgian - Jew - Fourth International - Antwerp - Poland

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During World War II, he escaped twice after being arrested in the course of resistance activities, and survived imprisonment in a German concentration camp. After the war, he became a leader of both the Belgian Trotskyists and the youngest member of the Fourth International secretariat, alongside Michel Pablo and others. He gained respect as a prolific journalist with a clear and lively style, as an orthodox Marxist theoretician, and as a talented debater. He wrote for numerous newspapers in the 1940s and 1950s including Het Parool, Le Peuple, l'Observateur and Agence-France Presse. At the height of the cold war he publicly defended the merits of Marxism in debate with the social democrat and future Dutch premier Joop den Uyl.

Related Topics:
World War II - Concentration camp - Trotskyists - Michel Pablo - Cold war - Marxism - Joop den Uyl

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After the FI suffered a major split in 1953, Mandel developed into a leader of the West European-based International Secretariat of the Fourth International. In line with its policy, he joined the Belgian Socialist Party where he was a leader of a militant socialist tendency, becoming editor of the socialist newspaper La Gauche (and writing for its Flemish sister publication, Links), a member of the economic studies commission of the General Confederation of Labour of Belgium and an associate of the Belgian syndicalist André Renard. He was expelled from the Socialist Party not long after the Belgian General Strike for opposing its coalition with the Christian Socialists, and its acceptance of anti-strike legislation.

Related Topics:
1953 - International Secretariat of the Fourth International - General Confederation of Labour of Belgium - André Renard - Belgian General Strike - Strike

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In 1963 he led the ISFI into a reunification with James Cannon's Socialist Workers Party. This regroupment was known as the United Secretariat of the Fourth International or "Usec", and until his death in 1995 Mandel remained its most prominent leader and theoretician (the main part of the SWP (USA) exited from the Usec again in the mid-1980s). In Belgium, he was a member of the SAP-POS (Socialist Workers' Party - see http://www.sap-pos.org/).

Related Topics:
1963 - James Cannon - Socialist Workers Party - United Secretariat of the Fourth International

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Until the publication of a massive treatise "Marxist Economic Theory" in French in 1962, Mandel's Marxist articles were written mainly under a variety of pseudonyms and his activities as Fourth Internationalist were little known. He resumed his university studies and graduated from the Ecole Pratiques des Hautes Etudes in Paris in 1967. Only from 1968 did Mandel become wellknown as public figure and Marxist politician, touring student campuses in Europe and America giving talks on socialism, imperialism and revolution.

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Although officially barred from West Germany (and several other countries at various times, including the United States, France, Switzerland, and Australia), he gained a Phd from the Free University of Berlin in 1972, published as Late Capitalism, and he subsequently gained a lecturer position at the Free University of Brussels. In 1978 he delivered the Alfred Marshall Lectures at Cambridge University, on the topic of the long waves of capitalist development.

Related Topics:
Free University of Berlin - Late Capitalism - Free University of Brussels - Long waves of capitalist development

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Mandel campaigned on behalf of numerous dissident left-wing intellectuals suffering political repression, championed the cancellation of the third world debt, and in the Gorbachev era spearheaded a petition for the rehabilitation of the accused in the Moscow Trials of 1936-38. As a man in his 70s, he travelled to Russia to defend his vision of a free and democratic socialism.

Related Topics:
Third world debt - Gorbachev - Moscow Trials - Russia - Socialism

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In total, he published approximately 2,000 articles and around 30 books during his life, which were translated into many languages. In addition, he also edited or contributed to many books, maintained a voluminous correspondence, and went on speaking engagements worldwide. He considered it his mission to transmit the heritage of classical Marxist thought, deformed by the experience of Stalinism and the Cold War, to a new generation. And to a large extent he did influence a generation of scholars and activists in their understanding of important Marxist concepts. In his writings, perhaps most striking is the tension between creative independent thinking and the desire for a strict adherence to Marxist doctrinal orthodoxy.

Related Topics:
Stalinism - Cold War - Creative - Orthodoxy

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He is probably remembered most of all for being an indefatigable rationalist populariser of basic Marxist ideas, for his books on Late Capitalism and Long-Wave theory, and for his moral-intellectual leadership in the Trotskyist movement. His critics however claim that he was 'too soft on Stalinism', eclectic and unsystematic in his economic theorizing, an over-optimistic politician, a supporter of reforms within capitalism, or simply that he wrote more than he could do well. A satirical novel featuring among others Ernest Mandel (in the guise of the encyclopedic, computer-brained genius Esra Einstein) is Tariq Ali's Redemption (Picador, 1991).

Related Topics:
Trotskyist - Tariq Ali

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