Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist and short story writer whose works, drawn from his wide range of experiences in World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II, are characterized by terse minimalism and understatement; they exerted a significant influence on the development of twentieth century fiction. Hemingway's protagonists are typically stoic male individuals, often interpreted as projections of his own character, who must master "grace under pressure". Many of his works, like The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and The Old Man and the Sea, are now considered classics in the canon of American literature.

References

• {{Book reference | Author=Berridge, H.R. | Title=Barron's Book Notes on Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms | Publisher=Stuttgart: Klett | Year=1990 | ID=ISBN 0812034120}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Baker, Carlos | Title=Hemingway: The Writer as Artist | Publisher=Princeton: Princeton University Press | Year=1972 | ID=ISBN 0691013055}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Baker, Carlos, ed | Title=Ernest Hemingway: Critiques of Four Major Novels | Publisher=New York: Charles Scribner's Sons | Year=1962 | ID=ISBN 0684411571}}
• {{Web reference | title=Biography | work=The Hemingway Resource Center | URL=http://www.lostgeneration.com | date=April 12 | year=2005}}
• Burgess, Anthony (1978). Ernest Hemingway and His World. Norwich: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0684185040.
• {{Book reference | Author=Hemingway, Ernest, Carlos Baker, ed | Title=Selected Letters 1917-1961 | Publisher=New York: Charles Scribner's Sons | Year=1981 | ID=ISBN 0743246896}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Hemingway, Ernest, Malcolm Cowley, ed | Title=Hemingway (The Viking Portable Library) | Publisher=New York: The Viking Press | Year=1944 | ID=ASIN B0007DNS9K}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Lynn, Kenneth Schuyler | Title=Hemingway | Publisher=Cambridge: Harvard University Press | Year=1995 | ID=ISBN 0674387325}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Young, Philip | Title=Ernest Hemingway | Publisher=New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston | Year=1952 | ID=ISBN 0816601917}}