Epinephrine

:For the Deftones' album; see Adrenaline (album).

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Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is a specific kind of hormone, released by neurons to regulate activity of target tissues (e.g. brain cells, muscle cells,...). The Latin roots ad-+renes and the Greek roots epi-+nephros both literally mean "on/to the kidney" (referring to the adrenal gland, which secretes epinephrine). Epinephrine is sometimes shortened to epi in medical jargon.

Related Topics:
INN - BAN - Hormone - Neurotransmitter - Latin - Greek - Kidney - Adrenal gland - Jargon

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Chemically, epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. The chemical formula of epinephrine is C9H13NO3. Its structure is shown right.

Related Topics:
Catecholamine - Amino acid - Phenylalanine - Tyrosine - Chemical formula - C - H - N - O

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ATC code

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C01CA24

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William Bates reported in the New York Medical Journal in May 1886, the discovery of a substance produced by the suprarenal gland. Epinephrine was isolated and identified in 1895 by Napoleon Cybulski, Polish physiologist. The discovery was repeated in 1897 by John Jacob Abel. Jokichi Takamine discovered the same hormone in 1901, without knowing about the previous discovery, and called it adrenaline. It was first artificially synthesized in 1904 by Friedrich Stolz.

Related Topics:
William Bates - 1895 - Napoleon Cybulski - Polish - Physiologist - 1897 - John Jacob Abel - Jokichi Takamine - 1901 - 1904 - Friedrich Stolz

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