Enlightened absolutism

Enlightened absolutism (also known as enlightened despotism) is a term used to describe the actions of absolute rulers who were influenced by the Enlightenment, a historical period of the 18th and early 19th centuries. The main Enlightenment-era proponent of this system was Voltaire, who regularly corresponded with several of the rulers of this time.

Related Topics:
Despotism - Absolute - Enlightenment - Historical - 18th - 19th centuries - Voltaire

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Enlightened monarchs were rulers who distinguished themselves from traditional monarchs in the way they governed. Specifically, Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality, and applied them to their kingdoms. In order to be considered "enlightened", they must allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and press, and the right to hold private property. They must foster the arts, sciences, and educations. Above all, they must not be arbitrary in their rules; they must obey the laws and enforce them fairly for all subjects.

Related Topics:
Monarch - Governed - Rationality

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Although their reigns were influenced by Enlightenment ideas, their beliefs about royal power were often similar to those of traditional monarchs. Many enlightened monarchs believed that they had the right to govern by birth.

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In effect, the monarchs ruled with the intent of improving the lives of their subjects in order to strengthen or reinforce their authority. For example, the abolition of serfdom in Europe was achieved by enlightened rulers. In the spirit of Enlightened absolutism, Emperor Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire once said: "Everything for the people, nothing by the people".

Related Topics:
Serf - Europe - Emperor Joseph II - Holy Roman Empire

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The modern successor to "enlightened absolutism" is the so-called "benevolent dictator". See dictatorship.

Related Topics:
Benevolent dictator - Dictatorship

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