Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common medical condition where the tissue lining the uterus (the endometrium, from endo, "inside", and metrium, "mother") is found outside of the uterus, typically affecting other organs in the pelvis. The condition can lead to serious health problems, primarily pain and infertility. Endometriosis primarily develops in women of the reproductive age.

Symptoms

A major symptom of endometriosis is pain, mostly in the lower abdomen, lower back, and pelvic area. The amount of pain a woman feels is not necessarily related to the extent of endometriosis. Some women will have little or no pain despite having extensive endometriosis affecting large areas or endometriosis with scarring. On the other hand, women may have severe pain even though they have only a few small areas of endometriosis.

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Symptoms of endometriosis can include (but are not limited to):

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• Painful, sometimes disabling menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea); pain may get worse over time (progressive pain)
• Chronic pain (typically lower back pain and pelvic pain, also abdominal)
• Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
• Painful bowel movements or painful urination (dysuria)
• Heavy menstrual periods (menorrhagia)
• Premenstrual or intermenstrual spotting (bleeding between periods)
• Infertility Women may present with endometriosis leading to fallopian tube obstruction despite no history of "endometriotic type" pain.

In addition, women who are diagnosed with endometriosis may have gastrointestinal symptoms that may mimic irritable bowel syndrome, as well as fatigue.

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Patients who rupture an endometriotic cyst may present with an acute abdomen as a medical emergency.

Related Topics:
Acute abdomen - Medical emergency

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