Electronics

The field of electronics is the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors. The design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is part of the fields of electronic engineering, and the hardware design side of computer engineering.

Noise

Associated with all electronic circuits is noise.

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Types of noise include

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• Shot noise in resistors.
• Johnson-Nyquist noise (Thermal noise) in resistors.
• White noise
• 1/f noise (pink noise, or flicker noise)
• Gaussian noise