Electronics

The field of electronics is the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors. The design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is part of the fields of electronic engineering, and the hardware design side of computer engineering.

Electronic test equipment

• Ammeter, e.g. Galvanometer (Measure current)
• Ohmmeter, e.g. Wheatstone bridge (Measure resistance)
• Voltmeter (Measures voltage)
• Multimeter (Measures all of the above)
• Oscilloscope (Measures all of the above as they change over time)
• Logic analyzer (Tests digital circuits)
• Spectrum analyzer (SA) (Measures spectral energy of signals)
• Vector signal analyzer (VSA) (Like the SA but it can also perform many more useful digital demodulation functions)
• Electrometer (Measures charge)
• Frequency counter (Measures frequency)
• Time-domain reflectometer for testing integrity of long cables