Dictionary

A dictionary is a list of words with their definitions, a list of characters with their glyphs, or a list of words with corresponding words in other languages. In some languages, words can appear in many different forms, but only the lemma form appears as the main word or headword in most dictionaries. Many dictionaries also provide pronunciation information; grammatical information; word derivations, histories, or etymologies; illustrations; usage guidance; and examples in phrases or sentences. Dictionaries are most commonly found in the form of a book.

List of major dictionaries

Arabic

• Kitab al-Ayn

Catalan

• Diccionari de l'Enciclopèdia Catalana
• Diccionari de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans

Chinese

• Shuowen Jiezi
• Kangxi Zidian
• Rime dictionary

Dutch

• Van Dale
• Online Nederlands Woordenboek

English

• Oxford English Dictionary (descriptive)
• Concise Oxford Dictionary
• New Oxford Dictionary of English
• New Oxford American Dictionary
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
• Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language (prescriptive)
• Noah Webster's An American Dictionary of the English Language (prescriptive)
• Webster's Third New International Dictionary (descriptive)
• The Century Dictionary
• The Macquarie Dictionary, a dictionary of Australian English
• The Chambers Dictionary
• The Collins COBUILD
• The Collins English Dictionary
• Dean's Law Dictionary - includes 145,000 plus terms, over 170,000 case cites, 26,000 Latin Words,65,000 plus synonyms, its digital and created with artificial intelligence.
• Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

French

• Le dictionnaire de l'Académie française (prescriptive)
• Dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue française ("Le Robert") (descriptive)
• Petit Robert (abridgement)
• Dictionnaire de la langue française (Littré)

German

• Duden
• Der Große Muret Sanders by Langenscheidt
• PONS Großwörterbuch Englisch

Japanese

• Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten (新明解国語辞典), a medium-sized Japanese-Japanese dictionary
• Kōjien (広辞苑), a large, often quoted Japanese-Japanese dictionary
• Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (日本国語大辞典), the largest Japanese-Japanese dictionary, in 14 volumes
• Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary (小学館 プログレッシブ和英中辞典), a medium-sized Japanese-English Dictionary
• Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary (研究社 新和英大辞典), the largest Japanese-English Dictionary
• Daikanwa Jiten (?????), a comprehensive kanji dictionary containing about 50,000 characters.

Norwegian

• Norsk Ordbok

Portuguese

• Dicionário Aurélio
• Dicionário Houaiss
• Michaelis
• Dicionário do Português Contemporâneo (Lisbon Academy of Sciences)
• Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa (Porto Editora)
• Priberam

Spanish

• Diccionario de la Real Academia Española

Swedish

• Svenska Akademiens Ordbok

Publishers

• Cambridge University Press
• Chambers Harrap
• Collins
• Funk and Wagnalls
• Merriam-Webster
• Oxford University Press
• PWN