Denmark

The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark) is geographically the smallest Nordic country and is part of the European Union. It is located at {{coor dms|56|00|00|N|10|00|00|E|}} in Scandinavia, which is in northern Europe. Denmark borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, and consists of a peninsula attached to Northern Germany named Jutland (Jylland in Danish), the islands Funen (Fyn), Zealand (Sjælland), Bornholm and many smaller islands, the waters of which are often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark is north of Germany, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are Crown territories of Denmark, each with political home rule.

History

Main article: History of Denmark

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The origin of Denmark is lost in prehistory. Prior to being populated by Scandinavians, Denmark was home to Celts - as evidenced by the discovery of ritualistic bog murders and burials. The oldest Danevirke is from the 7th century, at the same time as the new Runic alphabet. Oldest city: Ribe is from about 810.

Related Topics:
Bog murders - Danevirke - 7th century - Runic alphabet - Ribe - 810

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Up into the 11th century the Danes were known as Vikings, together with Norwegians and Swedes, colonising, raiding and trading in all parts of Europe. Many archaeologists and historians believe that the Vikings even made it as far as America. They travelled from Scandinavia to Iceland, then further to Greenland and then finally America.

Related Topics:
11th century - Vikings - Norwegians - Swedes - Europe

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At various times the King of Denmark has ruled parts of England and Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, France especially Normandy and parts of the Virgin Islands, Tranquebar in India, parts of the Baltic coast and what is now northern Germany. Scania, Blekinge and Halland were part of Denmark for most of its early history, but were lost to Sweden in 1658. The union with Norway was dissolved in 1814, when Norway entered a new union with Sweden (until 1905).

Related Topics:
England - Ireland - Norway - Sweden - Finland - Iceland - France - Normandy - Virgin Islands - Tranquebar - Baltic - Germany - Scania - Blekinge - Halland - 1658 - Union with Norway - 1814 - 1905

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The Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s, and after the European revolutions of 1848 Denmark became a constitutional monarchy June 5 1849.

Related Topics:
1830s - 1848 - Constitutional monarchy - June 5 - 1849

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After the Second War of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig) in 1864 Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia, in a defeat that left deep marks in the Danish national identity. After this point Denmark adopted a policy of neutrality, as a result of which Denmark stayed neutral in World War I. Following the defeat of Germany, Denmark was offered by the Versailles powers the return of Schleswig-Holstein. Fearing German irredentism Denmark refused to consider the return of Holstein and insisted on a plebiscite concerning the return of Schleswig. In 1920, following the plebiscite, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark.

Related Topics:
Second War of Schleswig - 1864 - Schleswig-Holstein - Prussia - World War I - Versailles powers - Irredentism - Plebiscite

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Despite its continued neutrality Denmark was invaded by Germany (Operation Weserübung), on April 9, 1940. Though at first accorded self-rule (which ended in 1943 due to a mounting resistance movement), Denmark remained militarily occupied throughout World War II. After the war, Denmark became one of the founding members of NATO and, in 1973, joined the European Economic Community (later, the European Union).

Related Topics:
Germany - Operation Weserübung - April 9 - 1940 - Militarily occupied - World War II - NATO - 1973 - European Economic Community - European Union

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