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Cosmic microwave background radiation


 

In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in 1964 that radiates throughout the universe in the microwave range.

Bibliography

  • Seife, Charles (2003). Breakthrough of the Year: Illuminating the Dark Universe. Science 302 2038–2039.
  • Partridge, R. B. (1995). 3K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • R. A. Alpher and R. Herman, "On the Relative Abundance of the Elements," Physical Review 74 (1948), 1577. This paper contains the first estimate of the present temperature of the universe.
  • A. A. Penzias and R. W. Wilson, "A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s," Astrophysics Journal 142 (1965), 419. The paper describing the discovery of the cosmic microwave background.
  • R. H. Dicke, P. J. E. Peebles, P. G. Roll and D. T. Wilkinson, "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation," Astrophysics Journal 142 (1965), 414. The theoretical interpretation of Penzias and Wilson's discovery.