College of Cardinals

The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. The body plays two roles for the church:

Members of the College of Cardinals

The following is the list of Cardinals as of August 2005. Cardinals are shown in order of precedence, based on seniority by date of appointment. Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan is considered the most senior member of the College by length of service, as he was listed first of those surviving from the 1969 consistory. However, Angelo Cardinal Sodano, as dean of the College of Cardinals, has the highest precedence as a Cardinal Bishop.

Related Topics:
Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan - Angelo Cardinal Sodano

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Cardinals aged over 80 are indicated with an asterisk (*). All but fourteen of the Cardinals alive at the death of Pope John Paul II were appointed by him. Three of those fourteen were under 80 years old as of the day of John Paul II's death, and one of those three has since been elected Pope while another has died. There are now a total of 181 cardinals of whom 112 are aged under 80.

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There are three ranks of Cardinals: Cardinal Bishops, Cardinal Priests, and Cardinal Deacons. Almost all Cardinals are also bishops.

Related Topics:
Cardinal Bishop - Cardinal Priest - Cardinal Deacon - Bishop

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Cardinals of the Order of Bishops

Titular Bishops of seven suburbicarian sees

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• Angelo Cardinal Sodano, Dean of the College of Cardinals (Italy) - born 23 November 1927 Cardinal Secretary of State Cardinal 28 June 1991, Cardinal Bishop of Albano since January 1994, Dean of the College (and therefore Cardinal Bishop of Ostia) since April 2005
• Bernardin Cardinal Gantin* (Benin) - born 8 May 1922 retired as Dean and as Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops Cardinal 27 June 1977, Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina since September 1986, was Dean and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 1993-2002
• Roger Cardinal Etchegaray* (France) - born 25 September 1922 Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals, former President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace Cardinal 30 June 1979, Cardinal Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina since June 1998
• Alfonso Cardinal López Trujillo (Colombia) - born 8 November 1935 President of Pontifical Council for the Family Cardinal 2 February 1983, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati since November 2001
• Giovanni Battista Cardinal Re (Italy) - born 30 January 1934 Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops Cardinal 21 February 2001, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto since October 2002
• Francis Cardinal Arinze (Nigeria) - born 1 November 1932 Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments Cardinal 25 May 1985, Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni since April 2005

Patriarchs of Oriental Rites

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with dates of cardinalates

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• 2/28/1994: Nasrallah Pierre Cardinal Sfeir* (Lebanon) - born 15 May 1920 Maronite Patriarch of Antioch (lives in Beirut)
• 2/21/2001: Stephanos II Cardinal Ghattas* (Egypt) - born 16 January 1920 Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria
• 2/21/2001: Ignace Moussa I Cardinal Daoud (Syria) - born 18 September 1930 Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and former Syrian Rite Patriarch of Antioch

Cardinals of the Order of Priests

Appointed by Pope Paul VI

Consistory of 28 April 1969

Related Topics:
28 April - 1969

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• Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan* (Korea) - born 8 May 1922 Retired Archbishop of Seoul
• Eugênio Cardinal de Araújo Sales* (Brazil) - born 8 November 1920 Retired Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro and previously of Sao Salvador de Bahia
• Johannes Cardinal Willebrands* (Netherlands) - born 4 September 1909 Retired Archbishop of Utrecht and former official of Roman Curia

Consistory of 5 March 1973

Related Topics:
5 March - 1973

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• Luis Cardinal Aponte Martinez* (Puerto Rico) - born 4 August 1922 Retired Archbishop of San Juan, Puerto Rico
• Raúl Francisco Cardinal Primatesta* (Argentina) - born 14 April 1919 Retired Archbishop of Cordoba, Argentina
• Salvatore Cardinal Pappalardo* (Italy) - born 23 September 1918 Retired Archbishop of Palermo
• Paulo Evaristo Cardinal Arns* (Brazil) - born 14 September 1921 Retired Archbishop of Sao Paulo
• Pio Cardinal Taofinu'u* (Samoa) - born 19 December 1923 Retired Archbishop of Apia-Samoa

Consistory of 24 May 1976

Related Topics:
24 May - 1976

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• William Wakefield Cardinal Baum (USA) - born 21 November 1926 Retired Major Penitentiary, previously Archbishop of Washington, D.C. and then Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
• Aloísio Cardinal Lorscheider* (Brazil) - born 8 October 1924 Retired Archbishop of Aparecida and previously of Fortaleza

Appointed by Pope John Paul II

Consistory of 30 June 1979

Related Topics:
30 June - 1979

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• Giuseppe Cardinal Caprio* (Italy) - born 15 November 1914 Retired President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See
• Marco Cardinal Cé* (Italy) - born 8 July 1925 Retired Patriarch of Venice
• Ernesto Cardinal Corripio y Ahumada* (Mexico) - born 29 June 1919 Retired Archbishop of Mexico City
• Franciszek Cardinal Macharski (Poland) - born 20 May 1927 Retired Archbishop of Krakow

Consistory of 2 February 1983

Related Topics:
2 February - 1983

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• Michael Michae Cardinal Kitbunchu (Thailand) - born 26 January 1929 Archbishop of Bangkok
• Alexandre Cardinal do Nascimento* (Angola) - born 1 March 1925 Retired Archbishop of Luanda, and previously of Lubango
• Godfried Cardinal Danneels (Belgium) - born 5 June 1933 Archbishop of Malines-Brussels (or Mechelen-Brussel)
• Thomas Stafford Cardinal Williams (New Zealand) - born 20 March 1930 Retired Archbishop of Wellington, New Zealand
• Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini (Italy) - born 15 February 1927 Retired Archbishop of Milan
• Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger (France) - born 17 September 1926 Retired Archbishop of Paris
• Józef Cardinal Glemp (Poland) - born 28 December 1929 Archbishop of Warsaw
• Joachim Cardinal Meisner (Germany) - born 25 December 1933 Archbishop of Cologne and previously Bishop of Berlin

Consistory of 25 May 1985

Related Topics:
25 May - 1985

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• Duraisamy Simon Cardinal Lourdusamy* (India) - born 5 February 1924 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and former Archbishop of Bangalore
• Antonio Cardinal Innocenti* (Italy) - born 23 August 1915 Retired as President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, previously Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
• Miguel Cardinal Obando Bravo (Nicaragua) - born 2 February 1926 Retired Archbishop of Managua
• Paul Augustin Cardinal Mayer* (Germany) - born 23 May 1911 Retired as President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (preceded Cardinal Innocenti) and previously Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
• Angel Cardinal Suquía Goicoechea* (Spain) - born 2 October 1916 Retired Archbishop of Madrid
• Ricardo J. Cardinal Vidal (Philippines) - born 6 February 1931 Archbishop of Cebu
• Henryk Roman Cardinal Gulbinowicz* (Poland) - long reported as born 17 October 1928 but announced 2 February 2005 that he had lied about his age in 1944 and was really born in 1923 http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=35043 Retired Archbishop of Wroclaw
• Jozef Cardinal Tomko* (Slovakia) - born 11 March 1924 President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses and former Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
• Andrzej Maria Cardinal Deskur* (Poland) - born 29 February 1924 President of the Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception, formerly President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications
• Paul Cardinal Poupard (France) - born 30 August 1930 President of the Pontifical Council for Culture
• Louis-Albert Cardinal Vachon* (Canada) - born 4 February 1912 Retired Archbishop of Quebec City
• Rosalio José Cardinal Castillo Lara* (Venezuela) - born 4 September 1922 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City
• Friedrich Cardinal Wetter (Germany) - born 20 February 1928 Archbishop of Munich and Freising
• Silvano Cardinal Piovanelli* (Italy) - born 21 February 1924 Retired Archbishop of Florence
• Adrianus Johannes Cardinal Simonis (Netherlands) - born 26 November 1931 Archbishop of Utrecht
• Édouard Cardinal Gagnon* (Canada) - born 15 January 1918 Retired President of the Pontifical Committee for the International Eucharistic Congresses
• Alfons Maria Cardinal Stickler* (Austria) - born 23 August 1910 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Bernard Francis Cardinal Law (USA) - born 4 November 1931 Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Mary Major and former Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts
• Giacomo Cardinal Biffi (Italy) - born 13 June 1928 Retired Archbishop of Bologna

Consistory of 28 June 1988

Related Topics:
28 June - 1988

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• Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo (Spain) - born 31 March 1927 Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church
• Achille Cardinal Silvestrini* (Italy) - born 25 October 1923 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
• Angelo Cardinal Felici* (Italy) - born 26 July 1919 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (succeeded Cardinal Innocenti) and previously Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
• José Cardinal Freire Falcão (Brazil) - born 23 October 1925 Retired Archbishop of Brasilia
• Michele Cardinal Giordano (Italy) - born 26 September 1930 Archbishop of Naples
• Alexandre José Maria Cardinal dos Santos* (Mozambique) - born 18 March 1924 Retired Archbishop of Maputo
• Giovanni Cardinal Canestri* (Italy) - born 30 September 1918 Retired Archbishop of Genoa
• Antonio María Cardinal Javierre Ortas* (Spain) - born 21 February 1921 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
• Simon Ignatius Cardinal Pimenta* (India) - born 1 March 1920 Retired Archbishop of Bombay
• Edward Bede Cardinal Clancy* (Australia) - born 13 December 1923 Retired Archbishop of Sydney
• Edmund Casimir Cardinal Szoka (USA) - born 14 September 1927 President of the Governorate of Vatican City and former Archbishop of Detroit
• László Cardinal Paskai (Hungary) - born 8 May 1927 Retired Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
• Christian Wiyghan Cardinal Tumi (Cameroon) - born 15 October 1930 Archbishop of Douala
• Jean Cardinal Margéot* (Mauritius) - born 23 February 1916 Retired Bishop of Port-Louis

Consistory of 28 June 1991

Related Topics:
28 June - 1991

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• Frédéric Cardinal Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi (Congo) - born 3 December 1930 Archbishop of Kinshasa
• Nicolás de Jesús Cardinal López Rodriguez (Dominican Republic) - born 31 October 1936 Archbishop of Santo Domingo
• Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony (USA) - born 27 February 1936 Archbishop of Los Angeles, California
• Anthony Joseph Cardinal Bevilacqua* (USA) - born 17 June 1923 Retired Archbishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Giovanni Cardinal Saldarini* (Italy) - born 11 December 1924 Retired Archbishop of Turin
• Cahal Brendan Cardinal Daly* (Ireland) - born 1 October 1917 Retired Archbishop of Armagh
• Camillo Cardinal Ruini (Italy) - born 19 February 1931 Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome
• Ján Chryzostom Cardinal Korec* (Slovakia) - born 22 January 1924 Retired Bishop of Nitra
• Henri Cardinal Schwery (Switzerland) - born 14 June 1932 Bishop of Sion
• Georg Maximilian Cardinal Sterzinsky (Germany) - born 9 February 1936 Archbishop of Berlin
• Pío Cardinal Laghi* (Italy) - born 21 May 1922 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
• Edward Idris Cardinal Cassidy* (Australia) - born 5 July 1924 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity
• José Tomas Cardinal Sánchez* (Philippines) - born 17 March 1920 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
• Virgilio Cardinal Noè* (Italy) - born 30 March 1922 Retired Vicar General for the State of Vatican City and Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica
• Fiorenzo Cardinal Angelini* (Italy) - born 1 August 1916 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers

Consistory of 26 November 1994

Related Topics:
26 November - 1994

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• Miloslav Cardinal Vlk (Czech Republic) - born 17 May 1932 Archbishop of Prague
• Luigi Cardinal Poggi* (Italy) - born 25 November 1917 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Peter Seiichi Cardinal Shirayanagi (Japan) - born 17 June 1928 Retired Archbishop of Tokyo
• Carlo Cardinal Furno* (Italy) - born 2 December 1921 Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem and Retired Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Mary Major
• Adolfo Antonio Cardinal Suárez Rivera (Mexico) - born 9 January 1927 Retired Archbishop of Monterrey
• Julius Riyadi Cardinal Darmaatmadja (Indonesia) - born 20 December 1934 Archbishop of Jakarta
• Jaime Lucas Cardinal Ortega y Alamino (Cuba) - born 18 October 1936 Archbishop of San Cristobal de la Habana
• Gilberto Cardinal Agustoni* (Switzerland) - born 26 July 1922 Retired Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
• Emmanuel Cardinal Wamala (Uganda) - born 15 December 1926 Archbishop of Kampala
• William Henry Cardinal Keeler (USA) - born 4 March 1931 Archbishop of Baltimore
• Jean-Claude Cardinal Turcotte (Canada) - born 26 June 1930 Archbishop of Montreal
• Ricardo María Cardinal Carles Gordó (Spain) - born 24 September 1926 Retired Archbishop of Barcelona
• Adam Joseph Cardinal Maida (USA) - born 18 March 1930 Archbishop of Detroit
• Vinko Cardinal Puljić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - born 8 September 1945 Archbishop of Sarajevo
• Armand Gaétan Cardinal Razafindratandra* (Madagascar) - born 7 August 1925 Archbishop of Antananarivo
• Paul Joseph Cardinal Pham Dình Tung* (Vietnam) - born 15 June 1919 Retired Archbishop of Hanoi
• Juan Cardinal Sandoval Íñiguez (Mexico) - born 28 March 1933 Archbishop of Guadalajara, Jalisco
• Kazimierz Cardinal Swiatek* (Belarus) - born 21 October 1914 Archbishop of Minsk
• Ersilio Cardinal Tonini* (Italy) - born 20 July 1914 Retired Archbishop of Ravenna

Consistory of 21 February 1998

Related Topics:
21 February - 1998

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• Salvatore Cardinal De Giorgi (Italy) - born 6 September 1930 Archbishop of Palermo
• Serafim Cardinal Fernandes de Araújo* (Brazil) - born 13 August 1924 Retired Archbishop of Belo Horizonte
• Antonio María Cardinal Rouco Varela (Spain) - born 24 August 1936 Archbishop of Madrid
• Aloysius Matthew Cardinal Ambrozic (Canada) - born 27 January 1930 Archbishop of Toronto
• Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi (Italy) - born 14 March 1934 Archbishop of Milan
• Polycarp Cardinal Pengo (Tanzania) - born 5 August 1944 Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam
• Christoph Cardinal Schönborn (Austria) - born 22 January 1945 Archbishop of Vienna
• Norberto Cardinal Rivera Carrera (Mexico) - born 6 June 1942 Archbishop of Mexico City
• Francis Eugene Cardinal George (USA) - born 16 January 1937 Archbishop of Chicago
• Paul Cardinal Shan Kuo-hsi* (Taiwan) - born 3 December 1923 Bishop of Kaohsiung
• Adam Cardinal Kozlowiecki* (Poland) - 1 April 1911 Retired Archbishop of Lusaka
• Marian Cardinal Jaworski (Ukraine) - born 21 August 1926 Latin Rite Archbishop of Lviv
• Janis Cardinal Pujats (Latvia) - born 14 November 1930 Archbishop of Riga

Consistory of 21 February 2001

Related Topics:
21 February - 2001

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• Antonio José González Zumárraga* (Ecuador) - born 18 March 1925 Retired Archbishop of Quito
• Ivan Cardinal Dias (India) - born 14 April 1936 Archbishop of Bombay
• Geraldo Majella Cardinal Agnelo (Brazil) - born 19 October 1933 Archbishop of Sao Salvador de Bahia
• Pedro Cardinal Rubiano Sáenz (Colombia) - born 13 September 1932 Archbishop of Bogotá
• Theodore Edgar Cardinal McCarrick (USA) - born 7 July 1930 Archbishop of Washington, D.C.
• Desmond Cardinal Connell (Ireland) - born 24 March 1926 Retired Archbishop of Dublin
• Audrys Juozas Cardinal Backis (Lithuania) - born 1 February 1937 Archbishop of Vilnius
• Francisco Javier Cardinal Errázuriz Ossa (Chile) - born 5 September 1933 Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
• Julio Cardinal Terrazas Sandoval (Bolivia) - born 7 March 1936 Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
• Wilfrid Fox Cardinal Napier (South Africa) - born 8 March 1941 Archbishop of Durban
• Oscar Andrés Cardinal Rodríguez Maradiaga (Honduras) - born 29 December 1942 Archbishop of Tegucigalpa
• Bernard Cardinal Agré (Ivory Coast) - born 2 March 1926 Archbishop of Abidjan
• Juan Luis Cardinal Cipriani Thorne (Peru) - born 28 December 1943 Archbishop of Lima
• Francisco Cardinal Álvarez Martínez* (Spain) - born 14 July 1925 Retired Archbishop of Toledo
• Cláudio Cardinal Hummes (Brazil) - born 8 August 1934 Archbishop of Sao Paulo
• Varkey Cardinal Vithayathil (India) - born 29 May 1927 Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars
• Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio (Argentina) - born 17 December 1936 Archbishop of Buenos Aires
• José Cardinal da Cruz Policarpo (Portugal) - born 26 February 1936 Patriarch of Lisbon
• Severino Cardinal Poletto (Italy) - born 18 March 1933 Archbishop of Turin
• Cormac Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor (England & Wales) - born 24 August 1932 Archbishop of Westminster
• Edward Michael Cardinal Egan (USA) - born 2 April 1932 Archbishop of New York, New York
• Lubomyr Cardinal Husar (Ukraine) - born 26 February 1933 Major Archbishop of Lviv of the Ukrainians
• Karl Cardinal Lehmann (Germany) - born 16 May 1936 Bishop of Mainz
• Jean Cardinal Honoré* (France) - born 13 August 1920 Retired Archbishop of Tours

Consistory of 21 October 2003

Related Topics:
21 October - 2003

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• Angelo Cardinal Scola (Italy) - born 7 November 1941 Patriarch of Venice
• Anthony Olubumni Cardinal Okogie (Nigeria) - born 16 June 1936 Archbishop of Lagos
• Bernard Cardinal Panafieu (France) - born 26 January 1931 Archbishop of Marseille
• Gabriel Cardinal Zubeir Wako (Sudan) - born 27 February 1939 Archbishop of Khartoum
• Carlos Cardinal Amigo Vallejo (Spain) - born 23 August 1934 Archbishop of Seville
• Justin Francis Cardinal Rigali (USA) - born 19 April 1935 Archbishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Keith Michael Patrick Cardinal O'Brien (Scotland) - born 17 March 1938 Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh
• Eusebio Oscar Cardinal Scheid (Brazil) - born 8 December 1932 Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
• Ennio Cardinal Antonelli (Italy) - born 18 November 1936 Archbishop of Florence
• Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (Italy) - born 2 December 1934 Archbishop of Genoa
• Peter Kodwo Appiah Cardinal Turkson (Ghana) - born 11 October 1948 Archbishop of Cape Coast
• Telesphore Placidus Cardinal Toppo (India) - born 13 October 1939 Archbishop of Ranchi
• George Cardinal Pell (Australia) - born 8 April 1941 Archbishop of Sydney
• Josip Cardinal Bozanić (Croatia) - born 20 March 1949 Archbishop of Zagreb
• Jean-Baptiste Cardinal Pham Minh Mán (Vietnam) - born 1934 (birthday not recorded) Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City
• Rodolfo Cardinal Quezada Toruño (Guatemala) - born 8 March 1932 Archbishop of Guatemala City
• Philippe Cardinal Barbarin (France) - born 17 October 1950 Archbishop of Lyon
• Péter Cardinal Erdő (Hungary) - born 25 June 1952 Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
• Marc Cardinal Ouellet (Canada) - born 8 June 1944 Archbishop of Quebec City

Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

Cardinal Deacons have the right to become Cardinal Priests after ten years as Cardinal Deacons. All living former Cardinal Deacons created prior to 1998 have exercised this right.

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Consistory of 21 February 1998

Related Topics:
21 February - 1998

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• Jorge Arturo Cardinal Medina Estévez (Chile) - born 23 December 1926 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
• Darío Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos (Colombia) - born 4 July 1929 Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy and President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
• Lorenzo Cardinal Antonetti* (Italy) - born 31 July 1922 Pontifical Delegate for the Patriarchal Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi and Retired President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
• James Francis Cardinal Stafford (USA) - born 26 July 1932 Major Penitentiary
• Giovanni Cardinal Cheli* (Italy) - born 4 October 1918 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission for Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants
• Dino Cardinal Monduzzi* (Italy) - born 2 April 1922 Prefect of the Pontifical Household

Consistory of 21 February 2001

Related Topics:
21 February - 2001

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• Agostino Cardinal Cacciavillan (Italy) - born 14 August 1926 Retired President of the Administration of the Apostolic See (succeeded Cardinal Antonetti)
• Sergio Cardinal Sebastiani (Italy) - born 11 April 1931 President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
• Zenon Cardinal Grocholewski (Poland) - born 11 October 1939 Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
• José Cardinal Saraiva Martins (Portugal) - born 6 January 1932 Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
• Crescenzio Cardinal Sepe (Italy) - born 2 June 1943 Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
• Jorge María Cardinal Mejía* (Argentina) - born 31 January 1923 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Mario Francesco Cardinal Pompedda (Italy) - born 18 April 1929 Retired Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
• Walter Cardinal Kasper (Germany) - born 5 March 1933 President of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity
• Roberto Cardinal Tucci* (Italy) - born 19 April 1921 Priest of Society of Jesus and retired President of the Administrative Committee of Radio Vatican
• Leo Cardinal Scheffczyk* (Germany) - born 21 February 1920 Prelate of Honor of His Holiness and member of Pontifical Academies, Retired Professor of Dogmatic Theology
• Avery Cardinal Dulles* (USA) - born 24 August 1918 Priest of Society of Jesus and Professor of Theology at Fordham University

Consistory of 21 October 2003

Related Topics:
21 October - 2003

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• Jean-Louis Cardinal Tauran (France) - born 3 April 1943 Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Renato Raffaele Cardinal Martino (Italy) - born 23 November 1932 President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
• Francesco Cardinal Marchisano (Italy) - born 25 June 1929 President of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See and Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica
• Julian Cardinal Herranz Casado (Spain) - born 31 March 1930 President of the Pontifical Commission for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts
• Javier Cardinal Lozano Barragán (Mexico) - born 26 January 1933 President of the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers
• Stephen Fumio Cardinal Hamao (Japan) - born 9 March 1930 President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants
• Attilio Cardinal Nicora (Italy) - born 16 March 1937 President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See
• George Marie Martin Cardinal Cottier* (Switzerland) - born 25 April 1922 Titular Archbishop of Tullia, Pro-Theologian of the Pontifical Household and retired Secretary-General of the International Theological Commission
• Tomas Cardinal Spidlik* (Czech Republic) - born 17 December 1919 Consultor of Vatican Congregations
• Stanislaw Cardinal Nagy* (Poland) - born 30 September 1921 Titular Archbishop of Holar and retired Professor of Theology

In 2003 the Pope announced he was also creating one cardinal secretly (in pectore), which would have taken effect if the appointment had been announced before the Pope's death. This prelate is believed to reside in the People's Republic of China. However, on 6 April 2005 it was revealed by Vatican representives that Pope John Paul II did not name this cardinal in any of the papers left upon his death. Therefore, it appears that the secret passed with him.

Related Topics:
In pectore - People's Republic of China - 6 April - 2005

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