Chromosome

:For information about chromosomes in genetic algorithms, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm).

Chromosomes in different species

Normal members of a particular species all have the same number of chromosomes (see the table).

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Asexually reproducing species have one set of chromosomes, which is the same in all body cells.

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Sexually reproducing species have somatic cells (body cells), which are diploid (they have two sets of chromosomes, one from the mother, one from the father) or polyploid (more than two sets of chromosomes), and gametes (reproductive cells) which are haploid (they have only one set of chromosomes).

Related Topics:
Sexually reproducing - Somatic cell - Diploid - Polyploid - Gamete - Haploid

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Gametes are produced by meiosis of a diploid germ line cell. During meiosis, the matching chromosomes of father and mother can exchange small parts of themselves (crossover), and thus create new chromosomes that are not inherited solely from either parent. When a male and a female gamete merge (fertilization), a new diploid organism is formed.

Related Topics:
Meiosis - Germ line - Crossover - Fertilization

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