China

:This article is about Chinese civilization. For the modern-day state commonly referred to as "China", see People's Republic of China. For other meanings, see China (disambiguation).

Science and technology

Main article: Science and technology in China

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In addition to the cultural innovations mentioned above, technological inventions from China include:

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• Compass
• Block Printmaking / Printing Technology
• Paper
• Asian abacus
• Gunpowder
• Crossbow
• Stirrup
• Lacquer
• Rudder
• Seismograph
• Silk
• Porcelain
• Paper money
• The Glider
• The Hot air balloon
• Fireworks

Other areas of technological study:

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• The main applications of mathematics in traditional China were architecture and geography. Pi (π) was calculated by 5th century mathematician Zu Chongzhi to the seventh digit. The decimal system was used in China as early as 14 Century BC. "Pascal's" Triangle was discovered by mathematician Liu Ju-Hsieh, long before Pascal was born.
• Studies in biology have been extensive, and historic records are consulted even today, such as pharmacopoeias of medicinal plants.
• Traditional medicine and surgery were highly advanced at various points in history, and in some fields are still seen as innovative. They continue to play a growing role in the international medical community, and have achieved recognition over the last few decades in the West as alternative and complementary therapies. An example is acupuncture, although it is somewhat controversial in some quarters. However, autopsy was unacceptable, because of the common belief that a corpse should not be violated. Nevertheless, there were several doctors who have increased the understanding of internal anatomy by violating this autopsy taboo.
• Alchemy was Taoist chemistry, very different from modern chemistry.
• Chinese astrology and constellations were often used for divination
• Military innovations include the crossbow and the grid sight, crossbow stirrup, repeating crossbows, poison gas (smoke from burning dried mustard), tear gas made from powdered lime, relief maps for battle planning, manned kites, fire lance, rockets, gunpowder incendiaries, gunpowder grenades, proto-handguns, and the cannon.