Capital (architecture)

In Western architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of the column, which projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the square form of the latter with the circular shaft. The bulk of the capital may either be convex, as in the Doric order; concave, as in the bell of the Corinthian order; or scrolling out, as in the Ionic order. These form the three principal types on which all capitals are based. The Composite order (illustration, right) established in the 16th century on a hint from the Arch of Titus, adds Ionic volutes to Corinthian acanthus leaves.

Related Topics:
Architecture - Latin - Column - Abacus - Shaft - Doric order - Corinthian order - Ionic order - Composite order - Arch of Titus - Acanthus

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From the prominent position it occupies in all monumental buildings, the capital has always been the favourite feature selected for ornamentation, and consequently it has become the clearest indicator of any style.

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