Callao

The Callao (in Spanish: El Callao) is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is located in the Constitutional Province of Callao, which is the only province of the Callao Region. It is located west of Lima, the country's capital, with which it forms a conurbation that concentrates almost one-third of Peru's population, the Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area.

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Callao was founded in 1537, just two years after Lima (1535), and soon became the main port for Spanish commerce in the Pacific. At the height of the Viceroyalty, virtually all goods produced in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina were carried over the Andes by mule to Callao, to be shipped to Panama, carried overland, and then transported on to Spain via Cuba.

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In 1746, a tsunami caused by an earthquake destroyed the entire port.

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On 2 May 1866, during the Battle of Callao, the Spanish fleet tried to reconquer independent Peru.

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The city is divided into six districts, and although it is contiguous with metropolitan Lima, it is part of a separate region, the Callao Region. Callao is built on and around a peninsula, the district of La Punta, once a wealthy residential neighborhood. An historical fortress, the Castillo de Real Felipe (site of "Rodil's Last Stand"), stands on the promontory overlooking the harbor.

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There is also a large naval base in Callao, in which the leader of the Shining Path rebel movement, Abimael Guzm?n, and Vladimiro Montesinos, the ex-director of internal security during the Fujimori regime are currently imprisoned.

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Lima's Jorge Ch?vez International Airport is located in Callao.

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On a bluff overlooking the harbor sits Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado, the military high school Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa attended and made famous in his first novel, La Ciudad y los Perros (1962) (published in English as The Time of the Hero in 1963). The book was later filmed as The City and the Dogs and featured exterior shots of the school. The city also has a university, the National University of Callao.

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Callao also several islands, San Lorenzo (currently a military base), El Front?n (a former high security prison), the Cavinzas, and the Palominos, where a large number of sea lions and sea birds live in a virtually untouched ecosystem.

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Spanish: Spanish can mean:...

Peru: The Republic of Peru, (Spanish: Rep?blica del Per?), or Peru, is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Peru is rich in cultural anthropolog...

Constitutional Province of Callao: The Constitutional Province of Callao is the only province in the Callao Region of Peru. It covers the exact same area as the region. This is an unique case, as there are two entities in charge of the same territory, namely the Regional Government of Callao and the Provincial Municipality of Callao....