Calculator

A calculator is a device for performing numerical calculations. The type is considered distinct from both a calculating machine and a computer in that the calculator is a special-purpose device that may not qualify as a Turing machine. Although modern calculators often incorporate a general purpose computer, the device as a whole is designed for ease of use to perform specific operations, rather than for flexibility.

Related Topics:
Calculation - Calculating machine - Computer - Turing machine

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The complexity of calculators varies with the intended purpose. A simple one with only four functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and perhaps a single-number memory) may be useful for everyday activities such as shopping or checking a bill. More complex ones may include complex mathematical functions suitable to engineering or accounting as well as a substantial memory and the ability to execute moderately complex programs. Since the late-1980's, it has become common to incorporate simple calculators in other small devices, such as mobile phones, pagers or wrist watches.

Related Topics:
Addition - Subtraction - Multiplication - Division - Memory - Engineering - Accounting - Program - 1980's - Mobile phone - Pagers - Wrist watch

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In most developed countries, students use calculators for schoolwork. There was some initial resistance to the idea out of fear that basic arithmetic skills would suffer. There remains disagreement about the importance of the ability to perform calculations by hand or "in the head", with some curricula restricting calculator use until a certain level of proficiency has been obtained, while others concentrate more on teaching estimation techniques and problem-solving.

Related Topics:
Student - Basic arithmetic skills - Estimation

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